ITL

ITL PUBLICATIONS

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY
TECHNICAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS 1997
SP 500-239


DIRECTOR'S FOREWORD

I am pleased to report to all of our stakeholders on the work of the Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) in 1997. This report covers the first full year of operation of the ITL, which was established by NIST in 1996. ITL works with industry to develop key elements of the technical infrastructure for information technology. These elements are needed by industry and users to have confidence in the quality, interoperability, and security of their information technology products. Additionally, ITL provides information technology services to NIST staff.

ITL is one of NIST's seven laboratories covering technical activities in areas of electronics and electrical engineering, manufacturing engineering, chemical science and technology, physics, material science and engineering, building and fire research, as well as information technology. NIST laboratories develop measurements, standards, reference materials, and data that help U.S. companies achieve higher quality products, more reliable and more flexible processes, fewer rejected parts, speedier product development, and improved interoperability of equipment.

This report describes some of the areas in which ITL is working with industry to develop a needed technical infrastructure for IT. Our goals are to:

• overcome the barriers to the interoperability of emerging network technologies

• develop ways to measure the performance of high performance computing and communications systems and enable their use in both small and large applications

• improve access to and exchange of complex, multimedia information

• develop safeguards for the integrity, confidentiality, reliability and availability of information resources
• improve the quality of software

• advance the application of mathematical and computational sciences, and of statistical methods, to information technology

• provide high quality mathematical, computational and information technology services to NIST scientists and collaborators

Information technology has an important role in our society, creating new industries and new ways of doing business. Almost every sector of our economy depends upon the effective use and communication of vast quantities of data. As we move into the twenty-first century, we want to assure that information technology remains a powerful tool for advancing electronic commerce, manufacturing, transportation, health care, education, and government. A sound infrastructure for IT is essential.

This IT infrastructure is not complete because we have not yet mastered the use of measurements for information technology. Measurement science, or metrology, has been an important factor in the advancement of commerce and the development of useful, standard products in almost all technical areas. We know how to measure physical and chemical properties and to apply those measurements to improve products. But IT is a relatively new and rapidly changing technology, and many tests, test methods, and other technical references for measurement are missing.

In 1997, NIST staff members studied this problem, and issued a report, "Metrology for Information Technology," which establishes a scope and a conceptual basis for IT metrology. As the study explains, there is a measurement chain of related events that starts with the concept of a property to be measured and concludes with the actual measurement. Once the attribute or quantity to be measured has been defined, the units for expressing the measurement, scales, and a system of standards for calibrating, testing, and measuring must be developed.

We have had some success in measuring the performance of IT hardware and telecommunications, in some cases using traditional physical and chemical measurement science. But we are challenged to test and measure the quality of software. The many combinations and possibilities of software lead to unforeseen outcomes and uncertain results. Measurement science has the potential to help us improve software development and testing, measure and control complex network reactions, estimate the accuracy of simulations, and validate the trustworthiness of information exchanged in networks. International electronic commerce is just one area that will depend upon a measurement infrastructure to enable participants to have confidence that their transactions are protected and conducted as intended.

With industry partners, ITL has started to address some of these critical challenges. We know that we cannot do the job by working alone. We expect to strengthen and intensify our efforts with our partners and to develop many new partners. We have started discussions with organizations such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Educom, the National Science Foundation, the Department of Defense, industry organizations and consortia, international organizations, and universities.

We invite all who are interested in collaborating with us under Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs) to contact us. We welcome your thoughts and comments on the work currently being done and on future needs for measurements for information technology.

Shukri A. Wakid, Director
Information Technology Laboratory
E-mail: itlab@nist.gov

Overview of the Information Technology Laboratory
Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
Advanced Network Technologies Division
Computer Security Division
Information Access and User Interfaces Division
High Performance Systems and Services Division
Distributed Computing and Information Services Division
Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division
Statistical Engineering Division

Selected Staff Accomplishments
Participation in Voluntary Standards Activities
Industry Interactions
Selected Collaborations
Cooperative Research and Development Agreements
Guest Researchers
International Activities
Patents
Publications
Technical Papers
Conferences, Workshops, Lectures, and Training Courses
Electronic Products and Resources


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Director:	Shukri A. Wakid
Deputy Director (Acting):	Kathleen M. Roberts
Special Advisor for Computing Security Operations:	Robert Raybold
Senior Scientist:	Andre Deprit
Associate Director for Computing:	Fred Johnson
Assistant Director for Boulder:	Paul Domich
Associate Director for Program Implementation:	R.J. (Jerry) Linn
Associate Director for Federal and Industrial Relations:	David Kahaner
Executive Office:	Judith Lyons

Today, information technology (IT) influences almost all areas of human endeavor, creating new products, services, and industries. The rapidly changing nature of IT challenges us to define and quantify the new technology. Unlike other technologies, IT lacks a well-established measurement base that has proved to be essential to the development of high-quality products and services by U.S. industry for the world marketplace.

Tests and Test Methods for IT

The Information Technology Laboratory focuses on research and development of tests, quality assurance techniques, tools, models, and reference data that define a measurement science for IT. We collaborate with many people and organizations - industry, research, government and standards organizations - to solve generic measurement problems, and to make the results broadly available. Tests and measurements build a common language for technology advancement, and provide objective criteria that enable developers and users to evaluate product quality and performance and to develop IT standards.

ITL's activities cover a broad range of technologies in mathematical and computational sciences, advanced networks, computer security, information access and user interfaces, high performance systems and services, distributed computing and information services, software diagnostics and conformance testing, and statistical engineering. Our products include tests and test methods, reference data sets and evaluation software, advanced software tools, automated software testing techniques, conformance tests and test methods, statistical model-based testing, and specialized databases. We also provide high-quality services to the NIST staff, including hardware and software support, Internet and intranet services, high performance computing services, and mathematical, computational, and statistical consulting services.

Interaction with Industry

Working in partnership with industry, ITL helps to promote the U.S. economy and expand the Nation's technology base. Industry customers include IT providers and users, research communities, industry standards organizations, software and Web browser developers, security technology developers and vendors, and specialized constituencies such as the mathematical software and high-speed network and wireless technology industries. These product developers and IT providers share common problems with interoperability, scalability, usability, and security of IT products. Our commitment to federal agencies remains strong; we develop standards and guidance for our federal customers and provide technical assistance, in fulfilling our responsibility under the Computer Security Act of 1987.

To pursue common goals, we work with industry organizations and federal agencies by means of the Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA). In 1997, we collaborated with 37 government, industry, and academic institutions through CRADAs. ITL contributed to the activities of industry groups such as the ATM Forum, the Digital Audio Visual Council (DAVIC), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to support interoperability and forward-looking standards. We continued to support the North American Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Users' Forum (NIUF). Many other informal interactions with government and industry partners involved the sharing of equipment or expertise. These cooperative arrangements benefit all participants through a better understanding of the advantages and barriers to the development and use of information technology.

G7 Information Society Pilot Projects and Related Activities

ITL serves as the U.S. contact for the G7 Information Society Global Inventory Pilot Project (GIP) and the Electronic Commerce component of the Global Marketplace for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Pilot Project.

These pilot projects resulted from the Naples Economic Summit in July 1994, when the G7 leaders decided to "encourage and promote innovation and the spread of new technologies including, in particular, the development of an open, competitive, and integrated worldwide information infrastructure." Eleven information society pilot project themes were identified which demonstrate the potential of the information society and stimulate its deployment. The key objectives are to support international consensus on common principles governing the need of access to networks and applications and their interoperability and to help create markets for new products and services. ITL serves on the Steering committee for the GIP and SME Projects. Further, ITL is responsible for developing and maintaining Web access to the National Inventory of projects related to the eleven G7 theme areas and developing and maintaining the registration process and Web site for the Electronic Commerce testbed projects. The G7 material is found on the NII Virtual Library Home Page at http://nii.nist.gov.

ITL also participated as the NIST representative in the following electronic commerce-related activities:

• the working group drafting the Administration's paper "A Framework for Global Electronic Commerce,"

• the steering committee for the Global Standards Conference held in Brussels, October 1-3, 1997, and

• JTGII (U.S. TAG to JTC1 SWG on GII).

ITL's work is accomplished in eight technical divisions:

• Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division
  
• Advanced Network Technologies Division
  
• Computer Security Division
  
• Information Access and User Interfaces Division
  
• High Performance Systems and Services Division
  
• Distributed Computing and Information Services Division
  
• Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division and the
  
• Statistical Engineering Division

Funding for ITL programs in FY 1997 consisted of $44.5 million from the NIST Congressional appropriation (STRS), including $12.3 million for the Consolidated Scientific Computing System (Super Computer) and $0.6 million for Technical Competence; $2.2 million from the Advanced Technology Program; and $11.9 million in reimbursable funds, mostly from other federal agencies for direct technical assistance. See the Interactions and Accomplishments section of this report for a complete list of our collaborative interactions.

Sharing Information with our Customers

Through a broad range of publications and online resources, we share information and technology with industry, government, academia, and the public. We publish Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) and guidelines; special publications series focusing on information technology, computer security, and federal electronic data interchange (EDI) implementation conventions; technical interagency reports on research and tests; a quarterly "ITL" newsletter; and a ITL bulletin series published about eight times a year on topics of interest to the information systems community. See the Interactions and Accomplishments section for a list of publications currently available for sale through the Government Printing Office (GPO) or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). ITL also sponsors, co-sponsors, and hosts a variety of conferences and workshops throughout the year, and our staff members address many industry and government organizations.

We welcome your interest in the Information Technology Laboratory and invite you to visit our Web site at: http://www.itl.nist.gov

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Roldan Pozo used funding from his 1996 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to develop JazzNet, a dedicated cluster of PCs for use in scientific computing applications. The goal was to build an inexpensive "personal supercomputer" using off-the-shelf components, capable of achieving more than 1 Gflop (one billion floating-point operations per second) for under $30,000. Initial performance studies indicate that this milestone has been surpassed. We expect such systems to become increasingly common at NIST and other scientific computing sites in the future. JazzNet was featured in a variety of external publications including Government Computer News, the Montgomery Business Gazette, and New Technology Week, sparking wide interest, and many queries from industries such as Gillette Corp., Dean Witter-Reynolds, and Sunshine Medical Electronics. (See http://math.nist.gov/jazznet/.)

Overall the staff of the division continued its high level of productivity and professional activity. We produced 56 refereed publications, gave 72 talks of which 37 were invited, served on the editorial boards of five journals, served as Editor-in-Chief of one journal, participated on five review panels, refereed for numerous journals and funding agencies, and obtained one patent.

Testing and Evaluation Methodology

We made significant new efforts on the development of testing and evaluation methodology and infrastructural services for computational science, including the design and analysis of testing methodology, evaluation criteria, reference data, and reference algorithms. Customers for this work are industrial developers of software products for scientific computing, as well as the computational science research communities in industry, government, and academia.

The Matrix Market provides online access to a large collection of test data for use in comparative studies of algorithms and software for numerical linear algebra. Done in collaboration with Boeing, the Matrix Market features some 500 large sparse matrices from a variety of applications as well as matrix generation tools and services. In its second year of operation, the service has been accessed by more than 7,500 distinct Internet hosts and has distributed more than 4 Gbytes of matrix data. (See http://math.nist.gov/MatrixMarket/.)

In a related effort, we are working with the BLAS Technical Forum on the development of community standards for basic linear algebra software components to promote portability and high performance of applications. The Forum brings together researchers in government laboratories and academia with vendors such as Cray, HP/Convex, NEC, Intel, Tera, and NAG. As leader of the Sparse BLAS Subcommittee, we developed a working proposal for the Sparse BLAS, as well as reference implementations in C and Fortran. (See http://math.nist.gov/spblas/.)

This year we inaugurated work on the NIST Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (DLMF), a joint project of ITL, the NIST Physics Laboratory, and the NIST Standard Reference Data Program. The DLMF is envisioned as a modern replacement for the NBS Handbook of Mathematical Functions, which was first issued in 1964. The Handbook contains technical information, such as formulas, graphs, and tables, on a variety of mathematical functions of widespread use in the sciences and engineering. The new DLMF would revise and expand this core data and would make use of advanced communications and computational resources to disseminate the information in ways not possible using static print media. In July 1997, we held an invitational workshop for well-known experts in special functions and their application to begin planning for the project. Substantial external funding is now being sought to permit the participation of outside technical experts in the many subfields of mathematical functions. (See http://math.nist.gov/DigitalMathLib/.)

There is a large demand for micromagnetic modeling results, both for industrial design processes and for the materials science and physics of magnetism. Currently there are weaknesses in the physical and computational models and a public modeling code is unavailable. In collaboration with NIST's Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, we are developing standard test problems for micromagnetic modeling. We presented the first standard problem results this year. We collected solutions from several researchers (submitted anonymously) and found that the results showed little agreement. (See http://www.ctcms.nist.gov/%7Erdm/std1/prob1report.html.) We are also developing a public code for micromagnetics, whose initial release will be in FY 98.

Work has also been initiated in the development of metrics for use in the evaluation of image transformations such as compression. Initial studies are attempting to model images as parameterized surfaces plus error components. Such modeling seeks to combine earlier results on metrics with recent findings of division staff and others on the contrast sensitivity function associated with human vision. Initial results show that a vast category of models can be obtained through linear filtering and that improved metrics can be obtained by using the L2 norm of the residual vector.

Finally, we are cooperating with the Statistical Engineering Division on the development of reference data for the evaluation of statistical software. The Statistical Reference Datasets service, which was formally unveiled this year, contains a collection of test problems for nonlinear least squares developed by division staff.

Mathematical Modeling

Mathematical modeling is an interdisciplinary effort requiring close collaboration between scientists inside and outside the division. Our researchers cooperate with the outside scientists to develop specific mathematical models that capture the essence of the phenomena under study. They analyze the model, propose and develop numerical algorithms, and produce a computer program. The resulting program is run to provide simulations that are compared with experimental results to validate the entire process and to provide the basis for further refinements and enhancements. This process provides more cost-effective, quicker, and better information than experimentation alone. Indeed, such modeling and simulation activities are augmenting and, in many cases, replacing the need to do experiments or used to guide the experimental process into more fertile areas. The information allows the outside scientists to gain understanding or to predict behavior of a complex system, and thus forms the basis for techniques to improve the performance of the system under study.

The customers for our work include our collaborating ITL and NIST scientists and engineers, and through these collaborators, industrial scientists and engineers; other customers are the larger community of researchers in computational science and engineering. Our aim is to work on a spectrum of tasks, including engineering and advanced development, to conduct both short- and long-term research, and to accelerate the adoption of advanced modeling and simulation techniques.

We are active in an inter-laboratory NIST competence project, "Measurement Science for Optical Reflectance and Scattering." This project seeks to identify and measure the physical and optical characteristics of surfaces with desirable appearance characteristics. The results of this work could lead to a computer-based foundation for the virtual design of a surface and a tool for predicting its appearance. This past year, we formed a consultative and collaborative relationship with researchers in the very rapidly expanding computer graphics industry. We organized a two-day meeting attended by researchers in industry and academia for the purposes of discussing and critiquing the proposed ITL research program; scientists from Silicon Graphics Inc. and IBM strongly supported the research proposal, as did participants from Cornell University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Our research will help to move the field of computer graphics rendering from a craft to an engineering discipline so that rendered surfaces have more of the visual properties of real surfaces.

Composite materials with complicated microstructures, such as ceramics, are important in many industrial applications. The microstructure is determined by the processing of the material, but it is the macroscopic properties that are relevant in applications. Previous analysis and computer simulations of the macroscopic properties have been based on idealized simplifications of the microstructure. In collaboration with the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory (MSEL), we constructed a finite-element computer model that has as input a digitized image of a real microstructure. This program, while still two-dimensional, models elasticity and fracture much more realistically than previous programs, and will help material scientists determine the properties of actual composite materials.

High-speed machining processes are becoming increasingly important in modern manufacturing, but such processes can lead to discontinuous chip formation that is strongly correlated with increased tool wear, degradation of the workpiece surface finish, and less accuracy in the machined part. In an ongoing collaboration with the Automated Production Technology Division in the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, a new approach to modeling some high-speed machining processes is being developed that has the potential to predict the onset of discontinuities. One of the main objectives of this effort is to provide improved mathematical models for computer simulations of manufacturing processes which involve high-speed cutting of materials. This information can then be used to control and improve the machining processes.

The use of Monte Carlo simulations to explore phenomena continues to be an important topic of research. It was known that the number of different dimer coverings of a cubic lattice grows exponentially with the size of a lattice. We calculated the exponent, which is a physical constant whose determination has resisted theoretical and computational efforts for over 40 years. We did this by conducting a very large scale Monte Carlo calculation. The method extends to the monomer-dimer case and should enable the first ever computation of the partition function for monomer-dimer systems. This result is of interest in chemistry and materials science because it explains how energy states are distributed. The core computation has been parallelized.

The nondestructive testing of welds is a common problem in many manufacturing industries. Special "test blocks" are used to calibrate transducers used in the nondestructive testing of materials and welds. The problem, however, is that these blocks have not been easy to calibrate. At the request of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and in collaboration with MSEL, we developed two- and three-dimensional models for elastic wave propagation that were used to study elastic wave behavior in various test block geometries. The computer model was used as part of a sensitivity study to determine the effect of source and test block geometry. International and U.S. standards committees devoted to the use of ultrasonics in welding are using these results to help the committees improve the methods used to calibrate transducers for nondestructive testing. The International Institute of Welding has expressed interest in this work.

Tools for High Performance Computing

Division consulting and collaboration activities often lead to the development of general purpose tools that can be reused in other NIST and external applications.

A primary tool for the dissemination of information about mathematical software tools is the NIST Guide to Available Mathematical Software. GAMS indexes more than 10,000 software components from 110 libraries and packages. These are components which were either developed at NIST, selected for use at NIST, or archived at netlib, an external repository of the numerical analysis community. GAMS serves the needs of local users for information about software available on local systems; however, the information is of wide interest and has been made available to the public. GAMS is accessed by 10,000 external users each month, and the Web server which hosts GAMS, the Matrix Market, and other division project pages is now averaging more than 400,000 "hits" per month, having exceeded seven million hits since it started operation in 1994.

Our work in support of distributed memory parallel computing led to the development of PHAML, a parallel hierarchical adaptive multilevel software package for elliptic boundary-value problems. Work on PHAML has resulted in fundamental advances in multigrid methods and automated load balancing for adaptive computations. A public release of PHAML is expected this year. Work on PHAML led to the need for portable interactive graphics accessible in Fortran. To solve this problem, f90gl, a Fortran binding, along with a reference implementation, for the OpenGL graphics interface was developed and submitted to the OpenGL Architecture Review Board (ARB). The ARB is composed of representatives of a variety of manufacturers with OpenGL products, including Digital, Evans & Sutherland, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Intergraph, Intel, Microsoft, and Silicon Graphics. Favorable initial reviews were obtained from the ARB and the J3 Fortran standards committee, and f90gl is now under consideration as the official Fortran binding for OpenGL. (See http://math.nist.gov/f90gl/.)

Our work in image analysis and metrics also led to a variety of new methods and tools. For example, we studied progressive transmission techniques, with applications to downsampling/upsampling schemes, and are in the process of developing prototype software. We developed software to generate optimal biorthogonal wavelets, as well as prototype software to apply wavelet transforms to color pictures. We also generalized the lifting schemes used for ordinary biorthogonal wavelets to multiwavelets. Lifting is the process of starting with a wavelet pair and generating a new one that satisfies some property such as vanishing moments.

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In September 1997, NIST issued a public call for submission of candidate algorithms. After the call period closes on June 15, 1998, NIST will make all submissions available for public review and analysis. Through a series of open workshops and public review periods, NIST will select the best algorithm for the AES based on its ability to provide the required level of security first, then on cost and flexibility considerations. For more information, visit NIST's Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse Web site at http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption.

Cryptographic Module Validation Program

The Cryptographic Module Validation (CMV) Program has resulted in the validation of four cryptographic modules as complying with Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 140-1, Security Requirements for Cryptographic Modules. This included the validation of Netscape Security Module 1, by Netscape Communications Corporation, for use by federal agencies. In addition to Netscape's software module, Entrust Technologies has received two validations for software modules used in their Entrust family of products. These modules received an overall rating of Level 1, which may be sufficient for many user's security needs. Four hardware cryptomodules have also received validations, including Fortezza PC Cards from National Semiconductor, Mykotronx, and SPYRUS, in addition to a module used in some of Motorola's radios. The radio module received a security rating of Level 1, while all three Fortezza cards have been validated at Level 2.

FIPS 140-1 specifies four separate levels of security provided by Cryptographic Modules with each level providing increased security and assurance. The Netscape Module was validated for secure email, certificate management, and password management and received an overall rating at Level 2. These validations expand choices for federal agencies in securing sensitive information over the Internet.

The CMV program is a joint effort between NIST and the Communications Security Establishment (CSE) of the Government of Canada. ITL and CSE serve as validation authorities for the program. Currently, there are three National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) accredited laboratories that test cryptographic modules. Currently, the laboratories are testing approximately two dozen varying types of cryptomodules, which will be posted to the Cryptographic Modules Validation List as they are validated by NIST and CSE.

For more information on FIPS 140-1, validated modules, and the accredited laboratories, visit the Web site at http://csrc.nist.gov/cryptval.

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)

Without a common infrastructure to support the issuance, management, distribution, and verification of public key certificates, the full benefits of cryptographic services will not be achievable. NIST is leading efforts to develop such a public key infrastructure (PKI). In July 1997, we coordinated a Public Forum on Certificate Authorities and Digital Signatures: Enhancing Global Electronic Commerce sponsored by the Department of Commerce. The forum provided an opportunity for the public to comment on various issues of the public key infrastructure related to certificate authority and digital signatures.

Many of the U.S. Government's PKI activities are coordinated through the Federal PKI Steering Committee. NIST chairs the Technical Working Group of the steering committee and hosts meetings of the committee itself. The working group has produced several technical documents on PKI issues, including an overall PKI Concept of Operations and PKI architectural and policy analyses. Industry participation in the PKI development process showed a marked increase in 1997.

In a related activity, ITL developed the Minimum Interoperability Specification for Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Components (MISPC) with the cooperation of ten industry partners under Cooperative Research and Development Agreements. The MISPC provides a basis for interoperation between PKI components from different vendors. The specification supports interoperability for a large-scale PKI that issues, revokes, and manages public key certificates that bind public keys used for digital signatures to their owners. Interoperable PKIs are essential as more and more business transactions are carried out electronically. The work is published as NIST Special Publication 800-15.

Key features introduced by the MISPC have been incorporated into industry standards, such as the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) PKIX (Public Key Infrastructure Using X.509) documents. The convergence of PKI specifications increases vendor and consumer confidence and encourages the development and procurement of PKI components.

Key Recovery Standard

NIST serves as secretariat for the Technical Advisory Committee for the development of a Federal Key Management Infrastructure. This advisory committee, which met six times in 1997, was established to obtain private-sector assistance in the development of needed cryptographic key management services for the government. As participants in an Interagency Key Recovery Demonstration Project, we established the Pilot Root Certification Authority (CA) and developed Pilot Tests. We also conducted a Broad Agency Announcement for Key Recovery System Components.

National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP)

To promote the independent evaluation of security products, NIST and the National Security Agency (NSA) formed the National Information Assurance Partnership (NIAP). This new federal initiative focuses on ensuring the security of information technology systems and networks through cost-effective testing, evaluation, and certification programs. The partnership encourages the availability of objective measures and test methods for evaluating the quality of information technology security products.

The NIAP will develop tools, test methods, and tests for specification-based information technology security products. This means that the security functionality and assurance requirements of a product or system must be formally described or specified. These specifications then form the basis for the development and conduct of tests for the product or for a class of product (e.g., for a firewall, an access control device, or even a network router).

In addition, NIAP will promote the development of commercial testing laboratories to provide testing and evaluation services that will meet the demands of both producers and users. NIST's National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP) will be the basis for much of the NIAP test laboratory accreditation efforts. The program should help producers increase the value and competitiveness of their products (in the U.S. and abroad) through the availability of formal, independent testing and certification. NIAP efforts will help users in both public and private sectors by providing a sound and reliable basis for the evaluation, comparison, and selection of security products.

Initial industry reaction to the new partnership has been very positive. NIST and NSA are committed to the National Performance Review goal of transferring methodologies and techniques to private-sector laboratories. Accordingly, the agencies registered the NIAP as a National Performance Review Reinvention Laboratory through the Department of Defense in September 1997. Visit the NIAP home page at http://niap.nist.gov/.

Common Criteria (CC)

The internationally developed Common Criteria (CC) are the focus of much of NIAP's work. The CC provides a comprehensive, rigorous method for specifying security functionality and assurance requirements for products (or classes of products), usually in the form of protection profiles (PPs). The CC provides an internationally recognized basis for specifying and testing a wide range of security technology, from components to products and systems. For more information on the CC, visit our Web site at http://csrc.nist.gov/nistpubs/cc/.

Role Based Access Control (RBAC)

U.S. industry is increasingly using ITL's RBAC research in new product development. Corporations using the RBAC mechanism include the Secure Computing Corporation and Sybase, Inc. Citing the fact that in the software industry there is a premium on bringing new functionality to market quickly, Sybase was able to reduce significantly the development time of the next version of the SQL Server, Adaptive Server Enterprise 11.5 that will include a robust RBAC mechanism based on ITL research.

Under a CRADA, SETA Corporation and NIST are working together to modify the RBAC administrative tool, for use in an SQL/RDBMS environment. Open Group, a consortium that includes nearly every major software and computer vendor, is developing a new security system, Adage, that will be used in a variety of Internet applications. Adage is being designed to include a number of security features that have been derived from the RBAC security model. As a result of NIST's success in transferring its RBAC technology, the ITL RBAC research and development team won the 1998 Federal Laboratory Consortium Award for Excellence in Technology Transfer.

ITL developed the first formal, general model for RBAC, which provides access to IT resources based on a user's role in an organization. A joint project of the Computer Security Division and the Software Diagnostics and Conformance Testing Division, researchers are developing a technical specification, including a formal description, of RBAC on the Web. Also being developed is a proof-of-concept model implementing RBAC. Three patents on this research are in process.

FedCIRC

The number and complexity of Internet-related incidents increased in the past year. With start-up funding from the Government Information Technology Services (GITS) Innovation Fund Committee, ITL coordinated the establishment of the Federal Computer Incident Response Capability (FedCIRC). FedCIRC provides a capability to assist federal civilian agencies in their incident handling efforts by providing proactive and reactive computer security-related services, cost-reimbursable technical assistance, and technical support. To date FedCIRC has six subscribers: the Department of Justice, the Department of State, the U.S. Customs Service, the Department of Agriculture National Finance Center, the General Services Administration Federal Supply Systems, and the Department of the Treasury Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms.

Security Management and Support

Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse - To facilitate access to NIST publications and guidance, as well as a wide variety of other sources of computer security information, we maintain the Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse (CSRC). The CSRC is a World Wide Web (WWW) site containing references to or electronic copies of many NIST computer security documents as well as links to many other valuable resources available on the Web. The address of the CSRC is http://csrc.nist.gov.

National Information Systems Security Conference - NIST co-sponsors, with the National Security Agency, the annual National Information Systems Security Conference (formerly the National Computer Security Conference). The conference, one of the largest of its kind, provides a forum for the government, commercial, and academic communities to come together to discuss the latest developments in information security technology.

Agency and Public Input - In addition, NIST serves as secretariat for advisory committees and other groups designed to further discussion, cooperation, and coordination among the key communities in the information security field. Two notable groups are the Computer Systems Security and Privacy Advisory Board (CSSPAB), which met four times in 1997, and the Federal Computer Security Program Managers Forum, which met six times in 1997.

Agency Assistance and Collaboration - The NIST Computer Security Division is frequently called upon by other agencies to assist with or collaborate in IT security-related analyses, program development, or technology implementation. In FY 1997, we undertook a number of such projects. NIST participated in an interagency Collaborations in Internet Security (CIS) project to enable multiple-agency use of advances in IT security technology and products. NIST was also involved in supporting standards and guidance development for the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1997. As in previous years, NIST also produced several ITL Bulletins that addressed IT security topics of current interest.

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Chief: Dean Collins Group Managers: Gordon Lyon, Scalable Parallel Systems and Applications Jack Newmeyer, High Performance Systems Usage John Antonishek, Network and Telecommunications Systems

Developers and users of high performance computing technologies need tests, test methods, and innovative measurement standards to produce high-quality products and to evaluate the products. The division assesses the functionality, interoperability, and operational characteristics of high performance systems to assist industry and users. It also provides high performance computing and telecommunications services to NIST researchers.

S-Check

S-Check is NIST's novel tool for assaying and improving performance of parallel and networked programs. This year researchers expanded the capability of S-Check by developing extensions of the tool. S-Check augmentations now allow users to acquire the tool with either syntax-checking of C code or with a capacity to handle multi-languages without syntax-checking (variant S-Check ML). R&D Magazine selected S-Check (r) as a R&D 100 Award Winner for 1997. The tool is available at: http://cmr.ncsl.nist.gov/scheck/scheck.html.

S-Check is especially suited for improving code running on parallel systems, where component interactions are common but difficult to evaluate with conventional profiler tools. Displayed in color graphical formats, results from S-Check provide programmers with quantitative predictions on the effect of code improvements in their programs without actually requiring the changes to be made, saving a lot of time. With the added extensions, the tool is stable and mature for extended marketing to a wide variety of users.

Distributed Systems Technologies

ITL is working with industry to apply MultiKron boards for assessing the performance of systems of various sizes. The MultiKron series of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) instrumentation chips and interface boards are measurement tools that promote the development of high performance computing and flexible, scalable systems. The Microsoft Corporation expressed an interest in applying the board to normal applications on multi-processor machines, to video servers where Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) utilization and synchronization are important, and to client server and cluster performance applications where a synchronized timebase is important. ITL provided four MultiKron boards to Microsoft and is working with the company to enhance the functionality of the technology, particularly in the area of clustering.

Work continues on our public server asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) cluster "Buffet," a demonstration testbed for distributed clustered computing for the NIST technical community. We added and tested representative programs on the cluster, and installed 16 Pentium Pro machines on the cluster to provide substantial compute power to message passing interface (MPI) users on the ATM network. Many MPI programmers use a Single-Program Multiple-Data (SPMD) model that assumes a homogeneous set of processors; the Pentiums provide this base set.

Time Synchronization for Distributed Computing

Synchronized clocks are important in the distributed computing market, where they support commerce, security, monitoring, and billing. The NIST Physics Laboratory (PL) provides a synchronization service on the Internet with 10ms precision; the service receives about two million synchronization requests per day. NIST would like to increase the precision of the service by overcoming the problems of variability of delays, to one microsecond.

ITL is developing a hardware supplement employing our MultiKron (r) clocking chip and low-cost commercial global positioning system (GPS) receivers. We are testing the hardware implementation for this application. Although such hardware support is sufficient to achieve higher precision time synchronization, the cost and availability of such specialized hardware limit its use. PL and ITL will investigate distributed software time synchronization algorithms targeted to achieve one microsecond precision and use this NIST hardware support instrumentation to evaluate the precision achieved and identify the impediments encountered. These low-cost techniques and guidelines can then be transferred to industry.

Interoperable Message Passing Interface

ITL and industry are working together to define an interoperable message passing interface (IMPI) standard. In September 1997, ITL hosted the third Interoperable Message Passing Interface (IMPI) Workshop. All major U.S. computer vendors participate in this effort; representatives of these vendors as well as representatives from the embedded computing community attended the workshop. The group agreed that implementation of IMPI by the vendors would go on in parallel with the standard definition in order to get the most information on the choices made. The release of the first standard, IMPI-1, is expected by December 1998.

WebSubmit

ITL researchers continued to enhance WebSubmit, an advanced Intranet application tool that provides a Web page interface to supercomputing applications. It differs from other Web applications because it allows interaction with a user's data files and directories on the target supercomputer as if the user were logged on. The advantage of a Web-based interface is that it is hardware- and software-independent; it depends only on whatever Web browser the user has available.

The current implementation of WebSubmit provides an interface to an IBM SP2 running the IBM LoadLeveler job scheduler. It supports general LoadLeveler use, utility operations on the SP2, and an application-specific interface to Gaussian94, a computational chemistry package. All of the Web pages are dynamically generated with common gateway interface (CGI) scripts written in Tcl. The Tcl code is modular, making the addition of new interfaces very easy, and simple to customize for a particular SP2 site. Future enhancements will include the addition of a NIST-developed cryptography toolkit for security, a generalized module constructor, as well as extension to other computer environments. Software developers and Web-page designers have requested information about this tool.

Parallel Library for NIST Staff

Work continued on the development of a portable parallel library for NIST users. We wrote a simple version of a "reproducible parallel Random Number Generator" called rrandom_array(). It produces the same array or the number of processors the array is distributed across.

For heterogeneous cluster computing based upon MPI, we added "unions" to the AutoMap/AutoLink utility set, enhancing the ability of NIST users to send data structures over network connections. Similarly, the NIST tool PADE can now manage DPARLIB code (the NIST parallel library) on multiple platforms.

Due in part to library development by ITL staff, the SP2 is now being used as a true parallel machine. The SP2's 16-node queue is in greatest demand by users, indicating that NIST users are adopting parallel coding techniques.

CD-Electronic Book

The CD-Electronic Book project demonstrated for the NIST staff the use of Microsoft Word and Powerpoint to simulate the features of an electronic book with touch-screen display. The software simulated electronic pagination, annotation, and electronic dictionary functions. Work is underway to use Visual Basic for the two-page version of the book.

Flat Panel Display

ITL played a significant role in the development of several recent standards within Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA), an industry standards association which develops display-related voluntary industry standards. Flat panel displays are an essential enabling technology for portable computers, desktop monitors, and instruments. Panel architecture makes proper timing much more critical than for cathode ray tube (CRT) displays; failure to meet the timing requirements can cause permanent damage to the panel. The standard timings and "plug and play" compatibility of CRTs have not been available for flat panel displays, an omission that VESA is moving to correct.

At VESA's request, researchers analyzed flat panel display interface timing characteristics, based on product information submitted by manufacturers to ITL which conducted an impartial analysis. The necessary timing characteristics were derived, analyzed, and reported to VESA as general information without brand names or product identification. This information will be used as the technical foundation for a new standard for interfacing flat panels and other digital input displays to computers.

Co-sponsored by ITL and VESA, the Display Forum '97 Workshop in October 1997 attracted 85 representatives, mostly from industry. Future trends of the display industry were discussed and recommendations were made on ways in which ITL can continue to support industry in this work.

Advanced Information Processing, Recognition and Storage Systems

Work continued on developing simulation models for ATM network architectures that include Network-Attached Storage Devices. We also established an optical tape testing laboratory, led an industry effort to define dynamic optical tape testing methods, and initiated the development of a digital media error test system with remote testing capabilities.

We initiated work under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Calimetrics, Inc., for the investigation of test methods, standards, and High Performance Distributed Computing applications for CD-ROM and Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)-based optical data storage subsystems. We led an industry effort to specify prototype metadata for the portability of sequential storage media (including optical tape) between File Storage Management Systems (FSMSs). A staff member, Fernando Podio, was appointed by the Association of Information and Image Management (AIIM) as the chair of the FSMS Subcommittee to lead the effort of developing an industry standard based on the metadata specification. This effort received wide industrial support among FSMS vendors and mass storage and high performance computing users.

ITL worked with the AIIM Optical Tape Study Group to develop a preliminary set of media specifications and identified a methodology for dynamic testing of optical tape. These proposals were submitted to AIIM for the development of industry optical tape standards: Write-Once Read Many Times (WORM) Optical Tape Cartridges in a "3480" form factor; and "Media Error Monitoring and Reporting Information (MEMRI) to Verify the Integrity of Stored Data on Tape Media."

The NIST Scientific Computing Environment

The continued upgrading of the IBM SP2 expanded the capabilities previously provided for NIST researchers for scalable parallel processing. Upgrades to the system included the addition of IBM new switch technology to the existing 31 nodes; 6 additional nodes to create a 37-node system; an IBM Parallel System Support Package and Performance Toolbox Software upgrade for the SP2 control workstation; and a 256 MB memory upgrade for the SP2 control workstation. In addition, we acquired an SGI Origin 2000 system with 8 CPUs, 8 GB memory, 96 GB disk storage, and operator and system administrator consoles. The security of the SP2 system was also enhanced.

Networking and Telecommunications

We continued to upgrade the PEPnet/Eznet network infrastructure at NIST. The MAC watch (NIST developed) and Arp watch software are now running in an automated environment. This software has proved to be a real time saver in the PEPnet operation. The software has been ported to the NIST Boulder Eznet environment where it is running successfully. Further enhancements are planned.

A switched CAT5 network was installed in NIST's Radiation Physics Building to support PEPnet users in the Physics Laboratory. We also provided switched FastEthernet to ITL's Scalable Parallel Systems and Applications Group for their cluster computing experiments. The upgrade of Eznet to CAT5 cabling continued. All NIST Administration Building networks were migrated to the FDDI-based Cabletron switches.

Our network monitoring programs were modified to page our staff if a subnet becomes unreachable or show a packet loss of greater that 15 percent. This is determined by testing a single host on the subnet that was supplied by the subnet administrator as "always available."

To provide state-of-the-art telecommunications services to the NIST staff, we are identifying the requirements of future telephone services at NIST, determining needed features for a telephone switch upgrade. We also started a trial of test users for Bell Atlantic's Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) service.

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Additional information on all group services may be found at http://webservices.nist.gov/

Administrative Computing Support

In FY 1997, the Administrative Computing Support Group completed an inventory of the administrative systems at NIST. The inventory consisted of one hundred and thirteen systems with over one million lines of code, written in COBOL, dBase, FOCUS, and REXX. The majority of these systems support the three primary business units at NIST: the Chief Financial Office, the Office of Human Resource Management, and the Acquisition and Assistance Division. This inventory served as the basis for determining which systems may have Year 2000 problems, prioritizing which systems need to be addressed first, and reporting progress to NIST senior management, DoC, and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).

The group also completed a series of pilot conversion projects. These pilot projects allowed the staff involved to learn about the Year 2000 problems and to implement solutions. These projects also served as templates for future conversion projects. During a four-month period, 16 systems were converted and made Year 2000-compliant.

The group supported the Department of Commerce Administrative Management Systems (CAMS) project. The CAMS effort may be viewed as the Core Financial System (CFS) (General Ledger, Accounts Payable, etc.) and supplementary modules to be developed by NIST and other DoC agencies. The testing of the CFS required a considerable amount of staff resources. Insufficient documentation, changes in configuration management, and suspect program design required extensive code review while testing and debugging.

NIST agreed to take the lead to develop two supplemental modules, a Personal Property module and a Time and Attendance (T&A)/Estimated Labor module. For the Personal Property module, after reviewing commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS) packages, Oracle Assets was selected in April 1997 as the base package, and the implementation began at NIST in May 1997. A model of the proposed T&A/Estimated Labor module was completed and was demonstrated to yield estimates accurate to 99 percent from the T&A records.

In addition to these two initiatives, the group continued to support the business operations of the 100+ administrative computing systems at NIST. This included revising DOS-based systems to be Windows 95-compatible, responding to auditors' requests, developing Web pages for the administrative officers and secretaries, assisting in automating the telephone billing system, and supporting the ATP Survey project.

PC Support

The event that had a major impact on NIST staff was the approval by the NIST O-Board of ITL's recommendation to change the current collection of software office automation packages to a modern, integrated suite of software. The cutoff date for the switch to the new package was set as October 1, 1997. In preparation for the changeover, a number of training sessions in the use of the new software were offered by group members to NIST staff. In addition, seminars that highlighted the differences between the previous group of NIST office automation software and the new integrated suite were held in Gaithersburg and Boulder.

To augment the Help Desk support staff, a contract for telephone support for the new software products was let to Battelle Memorial Institute at the Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) in Richland, Washington. Battelle currently runs this Department of Energy laboratory. Initial statistics on this service indicate that, although the staff that used it considered it very helpful, very few calls were made. If the call rate remains low, current NIST staff would be able to handle this service and the contract with Battelle will not be renewed.

In the past year, steps were taken to improve communications between group members and PC support staff employed by other OUs at NIST with the goal of improving service level across NIST. The PC Assistance Group was revived and meetings to improve staff "networking" and to discuss installation, operation, and maintenance of the new software suite were and continue to be held frequently. A new NIST-wide group, the PC Liaison Group, was also formed to facilitate staff networking and discuss hardware problems.

Another development in 1997 was the replacement of the DOS- based virus detector/remover with a Windows-based virus detector/remover whose virus list is updated automatically through the Web and which can detect virus in e-mail. A site license for the new detector was purchased for NIST and group members developed a self-installing package that can be accessed through the NIST intranet.

Another new service added to group responsibilities was to provide installation and maintenance support for NIST's Travel Manager System. Travel Manager grew from a small pilot project to a system that is currently servicing more than 300 users. Many of the NIST laboratories plan to make the use of Travel Manager mandatory on January 1, 1998.

Staff continue to work on methods to improve software distribution to NIST users. Prototypes are being developed to make installation of new software through the Web much easier.

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Chief (Acting): Keith Eberhardt Group Managers: M. Carroll Croarkin, Measurement Process Evaluation Keith Eberhardt, Statistical Modeling and Analysis

The Statistical Engineering Division seeks to catalyze experimentation, enhance research and improve communication of results by working collaboratively with, and developing effective statistical methods for, NIST scientists and our partners in industry. To accomplish this mission, the division develops strong collaborative research relationships with NIST staff in all fields, maintains expertise in the development of statistical methods relevant to measurement science and technology, and ensures that NIST staff have access to information on the latest statistical modeling and analysis techniques needed for their research.

Statistical Consulting

The division collaborates with NIST staff on research projects where optimal experiment design, statistical modeling, and data analysis can play a significant role in improving measurement processes and gaining scientific insight. Staff members also provide general statistical consulting services to NIST scientists working in all aspects of NIST's mission. Specific contributions include:

• leadership in the establishment of a high standard of statistical practice within NIST via interactions with technical staff, publications, workshops, and seminars;

• design and analysis of experiments, and evaluation of measurement uncertainties for the NIST Standard Reference Materials and Calibration Programs;

• design and analysis of experiments, and evaluation of protocols and processes associated with NIST scientific endeavors; support of NIST industrial clients engaged in the design and analysis of experiments;

• development of statistical and probabilistic models for physical science and engineering applications;

• development of statistical methodology to enhance collaborative research with other NIST laboratories; and

• advancement of statistical methodology via development of algorithms and software; and transfer of statistically based measurement methodology to industry through direct interactions with industrial clients, publications, workshops, and seminars.

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Technical Activity (within the National Committee for Information Technology Standards, NCITS)	Participant(s)	Division Number
H2 - JTC1/SC21/WG3) Database	E. Fong	897
H3 - (JTC1/SC24) Computer Graphics & Image Processing - Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) Reference Implementation and Conformance Tests	L. Rosenthal M. Brady M. Skall	897 897 897
H3 - (IEC/JTC1/SC24/WG6) Multimedia Presentation and Interchange	L. Rosenthal M. Brady	897 897
H3.8 - (JTC1/SC24/WG7) Image Processing and Interchange	M. Skall S. Sherrick	897 897
H7 - Object Information Management	E. Fong	897
J22 - (JTC1/SC22/JSG) Java	G. Fisher L. Carnahan	897 897
L1 - ISO TC 211) Geographic Information Systems	C. Dabrowski	897
L3.1 - (JTC1/SC29/WG11) MPEG Development Activity	A. Nakassis	891
L3.2 - (JTC1/SC29/WG1) Still Image Coding	M. Rubinfeld	894
L8 - (JTC1/SC14) Data Representation	J. Newton B. Rosen	897
L8.6 - (JTC1/SC14/WG4) Classification of Data Elements	J. Newton	897
T4 - (JTC1/SC27) IT Security Techniques	E. Troy E. Flahavin	893 893

Technical Activity (other)	Participant(s)	Division Number
ACM - Role Based Access Control	J. Barkley	897
AIIM - Committee C21 Storage Devices and Applications	F. Podio	895
ANSI/NISO - Z39.50 Implementors=Group - ZPRISE Prototype	P. Over	894
ASTM E-11 - Quality and Statistics	C. Croarkin	898
ATM Forum - Private Network to Network Interface Group	D. Cypher	892
ATM Forum - Testing Working Group	L. Collica	892
ATM Forum - Traffic Management, Residential Broadband, Service Applications	D. Su	892
CCIB - Common Criteria/Implementation Board	G. Troy S. Katzke	893 893
DAVIC - Digital Audio Video Council	K. Hsing	892
ECMA - Java Scripting Language Study Group	G. Fisher	897
Educom IMS Consortium	J. Barkley	897
IEEE - P802.14 Cable Modems	D. Su	892
IETF-INT - Internet Area (IPv6, IP/ATM)	R. Glenn D. Montgomery H. Fang	892 892 892
IETF-MGMT - Management Area (SNMP, MIBs)	w. Chang	892
IETF-RTG - Routing Area	D. Montgomery	892
IETF-SEC - Security Protocols Area	R. Glenn S. Chang	892 892
IETF-TSV - Transport Area (RSVP, RTP)	D. Montgomery S. Chang	892 892
IETF - Privacy & Security Research Group	T. Polk	893
IMA - Interactive Multimedia Association - metadata standard for digital objects	T. Rhodes	897
IMTC - Video Conferencing Standards (H.324/H.323/H.320/T.120)	J.P. Favreau	892
OMG - Applications Development Working Group	T. Rhodes	897
OMG - Business Object Management	E. Fong	897
OMG - Object Request Broker Task Force	J. Barkley	897
OMG - Object Services Task Force	J. Barkley T. Rhodes	897 897
OMG - Portable Common Tool Environment (PCTE) Special Interest Group	T. Rhodes	897
OMG - User SIG - Metrics WG	J. Barkley	897
NIST - ANSI Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial & SMT Information	M. McCabe	894
NIST - Interoperable Message Passing Interface	Dean Collins Judy Devaney	895 895
NIST - Public Key Infrastructure	D. Dodson W. Burr	894 893
NIST Advanced Encryption Standard	M. Smid	893
T1S1 - Services, Architectures and Signalling	D. Cypher	892
U.S. TAG for ISO TC 69 Applications of Statistical Methods	C. Croarkin	898
VESA - Flat Panel Display Interface Committee	J. Roberts	895
VRML - VRML Consortium	L. Rosenthal	897
X9F - Data and Financial Information Security	M. Smid	893
X9F.1 Public Key Cryptography for Financial Systems	M. Smid	893
X9F.3 - Wholesale Bank Security	E. Barker	893
X9F.4 Authentication and Access Control	J. Dray	893
OPEN GROUP (Formerly X/Open) Security Group	S. Chang	892
Management Activities		Participant(s) and Division Number
AIIM Standards Board	F. Podio	895
ANSI ASC Statistics Subcommittee	C. Croarkin	898
ANSI Executive Standards Council	M. Hogan	890
ANSI Information Infrastructure Standards Panel (IISP)	M. Hogan C. Dabrowski	890 897
ANSI IISP Steering Committee	S. Wakid M. Hogan	890 890
ANSI Information Systems Standards Board (ISSB)	M. Hogan	890
ANSI Information Technology Consultative Committee (ITCC)	M. Hogan	890
ATM Forum	D. Su	892
CommerceNet Consortium	B. Rosen	897
EDUCOM Instructional Management Systems (IMS) Advisory	S. Wakid	890
G7 Pilot Project: Global Market SMEs	J. Moline	894
G7 Pilot Project: Global Inventory of IT Projects	J. Moline	894
IEEE Computer Society Technical Advisory Board	S. Wakid	890
IEEE Computer Society Publications Board	890	890
IEEE Standards Board	D. Benigni	897
ISO/IEC/ITU Global Standards Conference Planning Committee	J. Moline	894
ISO/IEC JTC1 SWG-GII (Special Working Group on the Global Information Infrastructure ) US TAG	J. Moline	894
ISOC - Internet Society	D. Montgomery C. Hunt	892 892
JTC1 TAG (U.S. TAG to ISO/IEC JTC1 on Information Technology) and JTC1	M. Hogan B. Rosen	890 897
Multimedia Communications Forum Board	S. Wakid	890
National Software Council	S. Wakid	890
Network Management Forum	F. Nielsen	897
NIU Forum (North American ISDN Users Forum)	L. Collica	892
North American Interoperability Policy Council (IPC)	M. Hogan	890
Object Management Group (OMG)	J. Barkley	897
Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)	J. Roberts	895
XIWT Cross Industry Working Team	S. Wakid J. Linn	890 890
NCITS National Committee for Information Technology Standards	M. Hogan B. Rosen	890 897
NCITS/OMC Operational Management Committee	M. Hogan B. Rosen	890 897
NCITS/PPC Policy and Procedures Committee	M. Hogan	890
X9 (ISO TC 68) Financial Services	M. Smid D. Dodson	893 893
X12 (ISO TC 154, UNEDIFACT) Electronic Data Interchange	J. P. Favreau	892

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The search engine allows searches by taxonomy-based keywords, other keywords, and artifact type. Artifacts can range from simple abstracts, documents, and software to video, audio, and online interactive demonstrations of software tools. The RISQ facility makes available a wide variety of artifacts related to software quality in a highly organized manner. The current RISQ facility is located on the Web at http://hissa.nist.gov/risq/, making the material available to a large and geographically diverse set of potential users. Dolores Wallace coordinated the project.

Interoperability of Broadband Communication Technologies

In June 1997, ITL's Advanced Network Technologies Division hosted the meeting of the Multimedia Communications Forum (MMCF) Broadband Access Applications (BAA) Working Group. The BAA is a new working group established to identify multimedia application requirements for accessing various broadband communication technologies, including asymmetrical digital subscriber line (ADSL), digital wireless, and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). The group is focusing on a common application approach to quality of service (QoS) and interoperability across a range of broadband technology offerings. NIST will be the focal point for interoperability tests for the group; Leslie Collica is the ITL contact.

Interoperable Message Passing Interface Standard

In September 1997, ITL hosted the third Interoperable Message Passing Interface (IMPI) Workshop to continue work defining the IMPI standard. All major U.S. computer vendors participate in this effort. Representatives of these vendors as well as representatives from the embedded computing community were present to continue this work. The group agreed that implementation of IMPI by the vendors would go on in parallel with the standard definition in order to get the most information on the choices made. The release of the first standard, IMPI-1, is expected by December 1998. As a representative of the U.S. government, NIST does not vote at these meetings but takes the role of facilitator. Judith Devaney is the ITL contact.

Leveraging Cyberspace

Along with the White House National Economic Council and Xerox PARC, NIST co-sponsored the Conference on Leveraging Cyberspace held in Palo Alto, California, on October 8-9, 1996. People with shared interests use the Internet to solve problems, accomplish tasks, and create resources that would be well beyond the reach of any one person or organization. The conference explored the ability to leverage the efforts of large numbers of networked users as well as the economic, social, and political consequences. Technical experts discussed technologies that support wide-area collaboration, case studies of successful and unsuccessful efforts to leverage cyberspace, implications for business strategies, and proposals for promising collaborations. Judi Moline is the ITL contact.

NIST Car Welder VRML 2.0 Model

Qiming Wang, Information Access and User Interfaces Division, implemented one of the first working Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) 2.0 models demonstrating the functionality of animation in VRML 2.0. This Car Welder model is being used to explore the potential of applying VRML 2.0 to simulation interfaces in the manufacturing domain. VRML is a file format to describe interactive 3-D objects and worlds delivered across the Internet. VRML 1.0 provides a means of creating and viewing static 3D world. VRML 2.0 provides more extensions and enhancements to VRML 1.0, such as interaction, animation, scripting, and prototyping. SGI Cosmo Player is a VRML 2.0 browser which is a Netscape plugin for the SGI and PC Windows 95 platforms.

The Car Welder is listed in the SGI "VRML 2.0 Worlds - Cosmonaut Academy" WWW page at http://vrml.sgi.com/worlds/vrml2.html. The geometry of this model was translated from Deneb Robotics Software using the translator developed at NIST by Qiming Wang. To try out this model, go to: http://www.nist.gov/itl/div878/ovrt/projects/vrml/vrmlfiles.html. A VRML 2.0 browser is required. Sharon Laskowski is the ITL contact.

Optical Fingerprint Recognition in Financial and Internet Security Applications

ITL researchers combined optical correlation methods and digital neural networks to provide more accurate real-time fingerprint matching for financial, credit, and Internet security applications. The Information Storage and Interconnect System Project, sponsored by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), explored how optical methods of image storage and 3-D holography can support various correlation methods recognizing unique patterns such as fingerprints. Such methods would be more accurate and user-friendly than current optical correlation or retinal scanning.

Fingerprints are differentiated by a process known as minutia matching, in which the coordinates of the ridge ending of the fingertips are used for differentiation. However, this method tends to result in a number of false positives. In optical pattern recognition, the fingerprint image is loaded onto a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and is Fourier transformed into a 3-D hologram by a system lens developed by ITL scientist Eung-Gi Paek. Then, the correlation of the input is analyzed via the output plane. The optical system can more accurately enter the input pattern into the neural network system, which in turn can "recognize" and differentiate a pattern when it is introduced to the system again. When used in addition to minutia matching, the technology adds another dimension to the identification specifications, allowing a more detailed search of the neural network.

Possible commercial applications include the use of fingerprint images for credit card verification, automatic teller machine access, and Internet access in place of or along with passwords. ITL researchers are seeking industry collaborators to move into the project's next phase of refining the neural network and testing the prototype system in industry. ITL is working with the Financial Services Technology Consortium, an organization of banks, financial service providers, technology companies, national laboratories, universities, and government agencies to advance the commercialization of the technology. Charles Wilson and Victor McCrary represent ITL in this effort.

Standard for Exchange of Forensic Information

ITL's successful collaborations with industry and with the law enforcement community resulted in the development of a specification, which supplements a previous standard, for the exchange of forensic information. Consensus on the specification was achieved through a canvass that ITL conducted under its accreditation by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as a sponsor of standards for information interchange. ITL also sponsored workshops where participants reached agreements on technical details. The ANSI Board of Standards Review approved the Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial and SMT Information (ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997) as an American National Standard. This work is also a component of the framework that ITL has been discussing with the Office of Law Enforcement Standards to support digital representation and exchange of cartridge and bullet imagery data gathered at a crime scene. Mike McCabe is the ITL contact.

Standard for Interactive Cable TV

IBM, Lucent, Scientific Atlanta, and Zenith Electronics worked with ITL to develop standard specifications for cable TV over Hybrid Fiber Coaxial networks. Working jointly with these companies and other members of the IEEE 802.14 standards group, ITL conducted an unbiased performance evaluation of the media access control (MAC) protocols that had been submitted to the standards group. Researchers implemented the candidate MAC protocols using a commercial network simulation package. The results from this work were reported to the IEEE 802.14 group and the software simulation modules were released to the public. These modules are currently being used by companies such as 3Com, Bellcore, Com21, Digital Equipment, General Instruments, LANcity, Lucent, and Scientific Atlanta as they develop their own standards-conformant MAC protocols. David Su is the ITL contact.

Web Site Helps Designers of Children's Products

In a 1997 workshop "Systems Anthropometry" co-sponsored by NIST and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), speakers and over 100 attendees discussed the use and applications of human dimensional measurements, the field of anthropometry. With the support of the CPSC, ITL established a Web site called "AnthroKids" which makes available the only anthropometric survey data of children conducted in the U.S. This data is valuable to designers of any type of product with which children come into contact, i.e., cars, playgrounds, cribs, etc. The NIST Web site, http://www.itl.nist.gov/div894/ovrt/projects/anthrokids, provides the data in several data formats. In addition, ITL is working with several companies that make human modeling software to incorporate the data as part of their products. Sandy Ressler represents ITL in this work.

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ADTRAN AHK & Associates Alliance Data Systems Ameritech Services AT&T Bell Laboratories Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. Bell Communications Research BellSouth Defense Communication Agency EICON Technology Corporation Ericsson Inc. GTE Southwest Incorporated Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. Intecom, Inc. International Business Machines Corporation Lucent Technologies

Metropolitan Fiber Systems Network General Corporation North Carolina State University Northern Telecom, Inc. NYNEX RLR Resources Siemens Telecom Networks Southwestern Bell Telephone Company Synergy Group, The TASC (The Analytic Sciences Corporation) Telamon, Inc. Telrepco Services, Inc. The Boeing Company Transaction Network Services, Inc. U.S. Air Force (Technology Integration Center) U.S. West West Virginia University

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GUEST RESEARCHERS

Guest Scientists and Research Associates (71) Organizations represented include:

Arizona State University Armament Development Authority Chungnam National University Department of Defense, National Security Agency Ecole Normal Superieure Ecole Nationale Superieure Des Telecommunications Ecole Superieure D'Informatique et Applications De Lorraine Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Korea Environmental Protection Agency Flinders University George Mason University, Operations Research and Engineering George Washington University GMD Fokus Hyundai Electronics America Institute for Computer Aided Design, Russian Academy of Sciences Institute for Defense Analysis Institut National Des Telecommunications, France IUT de DIJON Korea Telecom Research Laboratories Los Alamos National Laboratory Ministry of Information and Communications, Taiwan National Science Foundation National Institute of Applied Sciences Naval Research Laboratory Purdue University Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Universidad Complutense de Madrid University of Huddlesfield University of Maryland University of Nancy, France University of South Florida University of Twente, The Netherlands

Faculty Appointments (21) Colleges and universities represented include:

Arizona State University Clemson University Colorado State University Columbia University George Mason University George Washington University Loyola College Old Dominion University University of Delaware University of Maryland University of North Carolina

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Under the coordination of the European Community and Japan, the Global Inventory Project (GIP), one of eleven pilot projects designed to stimulate global applications of information technologies, aims to produce a multimedia inventory of national and international projects, studies, and calls relevant to the promotion and further development of knowledge and understanding of the information society. As the U.S. point of reference, ITL established an entry point for a sampling of current and proposed U.S. information infrastructure projects under ten application areas defined by the G7 nations. Electronic project submission and access to the resources are available via the U.S. National Information Infrastructure Virtual Library Home Page at (http://nii.nist.gov).

G-7 Pilot Project on Global Electronic Commerce

Along with Japan and the European Community (EC), the National Institute of Standards and Technology was designated the lead agency in the G7 Information Society Pilot Project "Global Marketplace for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)." The SME project seeks to identify the information needs of SMEs, promote SME use of the information infrastructure, and encourage the development and demonstration of electronic commerce. ITL maintains the Web site for the G7 Electronic Commerce Testbed Pilot Projects found at (http://nii.nist.gov/g7/10_global_mp/testbeds/registered.html). Judith Moline is the U.S. contact for the G7 GIP and SME projects.

International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP)

ITL is active in the IFIP Working Group on Numerical Software (WG 2.5), which is part of the IFIP Technical Committee on Programming Languages (TC 2). Ronald Boisvert, Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division, who was elected to membership in WG 2.5 last year, edited the proceedings of the IFIP WG 2.5 Conference on the Quality of Numerical Software held in July 1996 in Oxford, England. The proceedings, published this year by Chapman & Hall, contains papers by R. Boisvert, K. Remington and R. Pozo on the NIST Matrix Market, and by D. Lozier on the NIST Software Testing Service for Special Functions.

International Public Sector Information Technology (IPSIT) Group

IPSIT is an informal association of representatives of public sector organizations that identify, discuss, share experiences, and raise awareness on issues in information management and technology in an informal and candid way with a view to encouraging action and resolution. IPSIT discusses topics of mutual interest from the perspective of national solutions. Areas of interest include common information and communications architectures, interconnectivity, information exchange, use of standards, and publicly available specifications. Participation includes representatives from Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Japan, Korea, Portugal, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the U.S. ITL participates as a representative of the U.S. Government.

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Based in Brussels, Belgium, the OECD is associated with the European Community (EC). ITL participated in the U.S. delegation to the OECD Cryptography Experts Group resulting in OECD's Cryptography Principles. Edward Roback represented ITL in this effort.

System for Inter-American Metrology (SIM)

In cooperation with the NIST Office of International Relations, the Statistical Engineering Division worked to acquaint SIM partners with statistical methods for calibration of artifacts and certification of reference materials (RM). Mark Levenson and Lisa Gill spent several days at Queretaro, Mexico, consulting with CENAM staff on problems associated with the certification of RMs; namely, selection of materials, design of experiments to optimize information gained from analysis, and uncertainty analysis. James Filliben and Lynne Hare participated in the Advanced School for Metrology: Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement which was held in Brazil. Carroll Croarkin spent three days in Panama City presenting a Workshop on Advanced Mass Measurements to metrologists from the national laboratories in the CAMET region with the goal of achieving comparability of mass calibrations within SIM via standardization of weighing procedures and statistical analyses.

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Patents issued to ITL researchers are:

Cryptographic Key Notarization Methods and Apparatus
Miles Smid and Dennis Branstad
Issued May 31, 1983

Object/Anti-Object Neural Network Segmentation
Charles Wilson, Michael Garris, and R. Wilkinson
Issued September 14, 1993

Method and Apparatus for Analyzing Character Strings
Jon Geist
Issued July 12, 1994

Automated Recognition of Characters Using Optical Filtering With Positive and Negative Functions Encoding Pattern and Relevance Information
Charles Wilson
Issued November 1, 1994

Automated Recognition of Characters Using Optical Filtering With Maximum Uncertainty Minimum Variance (MUMV) Functions
Charles Wilson and James Blue
Issued December 6, 1994

Apparatus For Identifying Unknown Words By Comparison to Known Words
Jon Geist
Issued February 21, 1995

Procedure for Digital Image Restoration
Alfred S. Carasso
Issued May 9, 1995

Aerosol Mass Spectrometer
Kensei Ehara
Issued June 27, 1995

Procedure for Digital Image Restoration
(continuation in part)
Alfred S. Carasso
Issued May 6, 1997

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October 1996 - December 1997

NIST Publications are available from the Government Printing Office (GPO) at (202) 512-1800 or the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) at (703) 605-6000. SN numbers are stocked by GPO; PB numbers are stocked by NTIS. Our NIST Publications List 88, Information Technology Publications and Products, is available online at http://www.nist.gov/itl/lab/list88.htm.

NIST Special Publication	Title
	STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL SERIES
260-131	The Certification of 100 mm Diameter Silicon Resistivity SRMs 2541 through 2547 using Dual-Configuration Four-Point Measurements By J. R. Ehrstein and M. Carroll Croarkin August 1997 - SN003-003-03495-9 - $8.00
	NIST INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SERIES
500-236	Overview of the Fourth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-4) Donna K. Harman, Editor October 1996 - SN003-003-03430-4 - $59.00
500-237	Symposium Transcription - Usability Engineering: Industry- Government Collaboration for System Effectiveness and Efficiency Laura L. Downey and Sharon J. Laskowski, Editors July 1997 - SN003-003-03484-3 - $21.00
500-238	Overview of the Fifth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-5) Ellen M. Voorhees and Donna K. Harman, Editors November 1997 - SN003-003-03505-0
	NIST COMPUTER SECURITY SERIES
800-15	Minimum Interoperability Specification for PKI Components (MISPC), Version 1 By William E. Burr, Donna F. Dodson, Noel A. Nazario, and William T. Polk January 1998
	NIST FEDERAL IMPLEMENTATION CONVENTIONS FOR ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE SERIES
881-10	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 810, Invoice -- [Commercial Invoice] Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03450-9 - $4.75
881-11	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 820, Payment Order/Remittance Advice Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03451-7 - $4.00
881-12	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 855, Purchase Order Acknowledgment Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03452-5 - $3.00
881-13	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 997, Functional Acknowledgment Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03453-3 - $1.75
881-14	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 864, Text Message Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03454-1 - $2.25
881-15	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 824, Application Advice Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03455-0 - $2.25
881-16	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 832, Price/Sales Catalog Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03456-8 - $6.00
881-17	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 997, Functional Acknowledgment Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03457-6 - $1.75
881-18	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 840, Request for Quotation Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03458-4 - $9.00
881-19	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 864, Text Message Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor April 1997 - SN003-003-03459-2 - $1.75
881-20	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003060 Transaction Set 194, Grant or Assistance Application Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03463-1 - $7.00
881-21	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003060 Transaction Set 841, Specifications/Technical Information (Request for Technical Information) Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03464-9 - $2.75
881-22	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003060 Transaction Set 841, Specifications/Technical Information (Provide Technical Information) Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03465-7 - $3.00
881-23	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 870, Order Status Report Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03480-1 - $2.50
881-24	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 869, Order Status Inquiry Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03466-5 - $2.00
881-25	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 805, Contract Pricing Proposal Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor March 1997 - SN003-003-03467-3 - $5.00
881-26	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 251, Pricing Support Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor August 1997 - SN003-003-03474-6
881-27	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003040 Transaction Set 822, Customer Account Analysis Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor August 1997 - SN003-003-03489-4
881-28	Federal Implementation Guideline for Electronic Data Interchange, ASC X12 003050 Transaction Set 836, Procurement Notices (Revision 1) Implementation Convention Jean-Philippe Favreau, Editor December 1997

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FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS (FIPS) ACTIVITY 1997

To order FIPS, contact NTIS at (703) 605-6000.

FIPS 192-1, Application Profile for the Government Information Locator Service (GILS), approved August 1, 1997

FIPS 196, Entity Authentication Using Public Key Cryptography, approved February 19, 1997

In July 1997, 33 FIPS were withdrawn because they were obsolete or had not been updated to adopt current voluntary industry standards.

To receive bulletins via email, send an email message to listproc@nist.gov with the message subscribe itl-bulletin and your proper name, e.g., John Doe. To request bulletins or to be placed on our bulletin mailing list, call (301) 975-2832. Bulletins are also available at http://www.itl.nist.gov/lab/csl-pubs.htm.

John Wack and S. Kurzban, Computer Virus Attacks, August 1990.

Edward Roback, Computer Security Roles of NIST and NSA, February 1991.

Jim Dray, Advanced Authentication Technology, November 1991.

John Wack, Establishing a Computer Security Incident Response Capability, February 1992.

Dennis Branstad, An Introduction to Secure Telephone Terminals, March 1992.

Edward Roback, Disposition of Sensitive Automated Information, October 1992.

Edward Roback, Sensitivity of Information, November 1992.

Shirley Radack, Guidance on the Legality of Keystroke Monitoring, March 1993.

Edward Roback and Barbara Guttman, Security Issues in Public Access Systems, May 1993.

John Wack, Connecting to the Internet: Security Considerations, July 1993.

Barbara Guttman and Edward Roback, Security Program Management, August 1993.

Edward Roback and Barbara Guttman, People: An Important Asset in Computer Security, October 1993.

Edward Roback and Barbara Guttman, Computer Security Policy: Setting the Stage for Success, January 1994.

Barbara Guttman, Edward Roback, and Elizabeth Lennon, Threats to Computer Systems: An Overview, March 1994.

John F. Barkley, Reducing the Risks of Internet Connection and Use, May 1994.

Donna Dodson, Edward Roback, and Elizabeth Lennon, Digital Signature Standard, November 1994.

Shirley Radack (editor), The Data Encryption Standard: An Update, February 1995.

Frederick Boland, Acquiring and Using Asynchronous Transfer Mode in the Workplace, March 1995.

Lisa Carnahan, FIPS 140-1: A Framework for Cryptographic Standards, August 1995.

Barbara Guttman and Elizabeth Lennon, Preparing for Contingencies and Disasters, September 1995.

David Ferraiolo, John Barkley, and Shirley Radack, An Introduction to Role-Based Access Control, December 1995.

Robert Bagwill, Human/Computer Interface Security Issues, February 1996.

Gary Fisher and Elizabeth Lennon (editor), Millennium Rollover: The Year 2000 Problem, March 1996.

Eugene Troy, Guidance on the Selection of Low Level Assurance Evaluated Products, April 1996.

Robert Bagwill, The World Wide Web: Managing Security Risks, May 1996.

Barbara Guttman, Information Security Policies for Changing Information Technology Environments, June 1996.

James Foti, Implementation Issues for Cryptography, August 1996.

Barbara Guttman, Generally Accepted System Security Principles (GSSPs): Guidance on Securing Information Technology (IT) Systems, October 1996.

Marianne Swanson, Federal Computer Incident Response Capability (FEDCIRC), November 1996.

Lisa Carnahan and Barbara Guttman, Security Issues for Telecommuting, January 1997.

Elizabeth B. Lennon, Advanced Encryption Standard, February 1997.

Lawrence Bassham and Barbara Guttman, Audit Trails, March 1997.

Barbara Guttman and Edward Roback, Security Considerations in Computer Support and Operations, April 1997.

Donna Dodson and Noel Nazario, Public Key Infrastructure Technology, July 1997.

Shirley Radack, Cryptography Standards and Supporting Infrastructures: A Status Report, September 1997.

Barbara Guttman, Robert H. Bagwill, and Elizabeth B. Lennon (editor), Internet Electronic Mail, November 1997.

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Pub. - Number	Title
	OTHER NIST PUBLICATIONS
NISTIR 5725	User's Guide for RDA/SQL Validation Tests (Version 1.0) By Joan Sullivan and Kevin G. Brady December 1996 - PB97-129571 - $19.50
NISTIR 5916	A Proposed Software Test Service for Special Functions By Daniel W. Lozier October 1996 - PB97-159453 - $19.50
NISTIR 5932	Design, Integration, and Evaluation of Form-Based Handprint and OCR Systems By Charles L. Wilson, Jon Geist, Michael D. Garris, and Rama Chellappa December 1996 - PB97-129563 - $25.00
NISTIR 5935	The Matrix Market Exchange Formats: Initial Design By Ronald F. Boisvert, Roldan Pozo, and Karin A. Remington December 1996 - PB97-132112 - $19.50
NISTIR 5938	Information Technology Laboratory Technical Accomplishments 1996 By Elizabeth B. Lennon and Shirley M. Radack January 1997 - PB97-138275 - $28.00
NISTIR 5942	Distributive Lattices and Hypergraph Coloring By James F. Lawrence February 1997 - PB97-153431 - $10.00
NISTIR 5948	MGGHAT User's Guide Version 1.1 By William F. Mitchell January 1997 - PB97-153746 - $19.50
NISTIR 5954	RISQ: A Web-Based Tool for Referencing Information on Software Quality By Charles B. Weinstock and Dolores R. Wallace January 1997 - PB97-140578 - $19.50
NISTIR 5955	Combined Optical and Neural Network Fingerprint Matching By Charles L. Wilson, Craig I. Watson, and Eung Gi Paek January 1997 - PB97-140545 - $19.50
NISTIR 5959	NIST Form-Based Handprint Recognition System (Release 2.0) By Michael D. Garris, James L. Blue, Gerald T. Candela, Patrick J. Grother, Stanley A. Janet, and Charles L. Wilson January 1997 - PB97-138242 - $21.50
NISTIR 5971	STOPWATCH User's Guide Version 1.0 By William F. Mitchell March 1997 - PB97-151567 - $21.50
NISTIR 5985	A Fortran 90 Interface for OpenGL By William F. Mitchell March 1997 - PB97-151575 - $19.50
NISTIR 5993	Operating Principles of the PCI Bus MultiKron Interface Board By Alan Mink and Wayne Salamon March 1997 - PB97-157986 - $19.50
NISTIR 5998	User's Guide for the SQL Test Suite, Version 6.0 By David Flater, Leonard Gallagher, Shirley Hurwitz, and Joan Sullivan December 1996 - PB97-158158 - $28.00
NISTIR 6009	Healthcare Standards Needs for Using the NII: An Application of the IISP Framework Method By Susan B. Katz April 1997 - PB97-184048 - $19.50
NISTIR 6011	Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial & SMT Information By R. Michael McCabe April 1997 - PB97-167464 - $21.50
NISTIR 6016	Non-Mechanical Image Rotation Using an AODP [Acousto-Optic Dove Prism] By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, Tae K. Oh, John H. Hong, and Tallis Y. Chang September 1997 - PB98-103880 - $10.00
NISTIR 6017	Optical Pattern Recognition Using Microlasers By Eung G. Paek January 1998
NISTIR 6018	Diffuse-Interface Methods in Fluid Mechanics By Daniel M. Anderson, Geoffrey B. McFadden, and A.A. Wheeler May 1997 - PB97-184097 - $21.50
NISTIR 6022	S-Check, by Example By Robert D. Snelick June 1997 - PB97-184105 - $19.50
NISTIR 6025	Metrology for Information Technology [IT] By Michael D. Hogan, Gary P. Carver, Lisa J. Carnahan, Martha M. Gray, Theodore Hopp, Jeffrey Horlick, Gordon E. Lyon, and Elena Messina May 1997 - PB97-196927 - $21.50
NISTIR 6031	Parallelizing a Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Method By Hai C. Tang June 1997 - PB97-196885 - $19.50
NISTIR 6038	2-D True Time Delay Generation Using Fiber Chirp Gratings and Acousto-Optic Beam Deflectors By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, and Tae K. Oh January 1998
NISTIR 6051	Narrow-Bandwidth Grating-Assisted Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, and Tae K. Oh January 1998
NISTIR 6060	Optical Metrology for Industrialization of Optical Information Processing By David Casasent and Charles L. Wilson September 1997 - PB97-210801 - $19.50
NISTIR 6068	Report on the TMACH Experiment By Ellen Flahavin, Goswin Eisen, Steve Hill, Heribert Spindler, Julian Straw, and Andy Webber July 1997 - PB98-104169 - $21.50
NISTIR 6072	Towards a Revised NBS Handbook of Mathematical Functions By Daniel W. Lozier September 1997
NISTIR 6073	The Application of Numerical Grid Generation to Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics By Bonita V. Saunders September 1997 - PB97-210744 - $19.50
NISTIR 6074	Limits of SUMT Trajectories in Convex Programming By G.P. McCormick and Christoph Witzgall September 1997
NISTIR 6076	Translating IGRIP Workcells into VRML2 By Qiming Wang and Sandy Ressler September 1997
NISTIR 6080	High Resolution Grating-Assisted Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter By Eung G. Paek, Joon Y. Choe, and Tae K. Oh January 1998
NISTIR 6090	Creating and Validating a Large Image Database for METTREC By Michael D. Garris and William W. Klein December 1997
NISTIR 6101	Impact of Image Quality on Machine Print Optical Character Recognition By Michael D. Garris, Stanley Janet, and William W. Klein December 1997
NISTIR 6108	High-Speed Temporal Characterization and Visualization of Spatial Light Modulators and Flat Panel Displays By Eung G. Paek, Charles L. Wilson, John W. Roberts, and Craig I. Watson January 1998

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Cugini, J.; Laskowski, S.; Piatko, C.; "Interactive 3-D Visualization for Document Retrieval," Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Workshop on New Paradigms in Information Visualization and Manipulation, November 16, 1996.

Lipman, R.; Devaney, J.; "WebSubmit - Running Supercomputer Applications via the Web," Supercomputing 96, Poster Exhibit, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 17-22, 1996.

Wang, C.M.; Lam, C.T.; "Confidence Limits for Proportion of Conformance," Journal of Quality Technology, 28 (4), 439-445, 1996.

Hale, P.D.; Wang, C.M.; Park, R.; Lau, W.Y.; "A Transfer Standard for Measuring Photoreceiver Frequency Response," Journal of Lightwave Technology, 14 (11), 2457--2466, 1996.

Phillips, S.; Estler, W.T.; Borchardt, B.; Hopp, T.; McClain, M.; Levenson, M.; Eberhardt, K.; "Error Compensation for CMM Touch Trigger Probes," Precision Engineering, 1996.

Swartzendruber, L.; Hicho, G.; Leigh, S.; "Effect of Plastic Strain on Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of Sheet Steel," Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference on Magnetism & Magnetic Materials, 1996.

Ives, L.K.; Jahanir, S.; Gill, L.; Filliben, J.J.; "Effect of Grinding on Strength of Sintered Reaction Bonded Silicon Nitride," Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Machining of Advanced Materials, (MAM), Eurogress Aachen, Germany, VDI Berichte 1276, (1996) pp. 603-615, 1996.

Liu, H.K.; "Heigh-Dimensional Empirical Linear Prediction," Advanced Mathematical Tools in Metrology III, 79-90, 1996.

Zhang, N.F.; "Estimating Process Capability Indices for Autocorrelated Processes," Proceedings of the ASA Section on Quality and Productivity, 1996.

Vangel, M.G.; "Confidence Intervals for a Normal Coefficients of Variation," The American Statistician, 15, 21-26, 1996.

Vangel, M.G.; "Design Allowables From Regression Models Using Data From Several Batches in Composite Materials," Testing and Design (Twelfth Volume), ASTM STP 1274, R.B. Deo and C.R. Saff, Eds., American Society of Testing and Materials, 358-370, 1996.

Schen, M.A.; Mopsik, F.; Wu, W.; Wallace, W.E.; Beck Tan, N.C.; Davis, G.T.; Guthrie, W.F.; "Advances in Measurement of Polymer CTE: Micrometer to Atomic Scale Measurements," Proceedings of the 211th American Chemical Society National Meeting, Division of Polymer Chemistry, 37 (1), 180--182, 1996.

Cresswell, M.W.; Allen, R.A.; Linholm, L.W.; Guthrie, W.F.; Gurnell, A.W.: "Hybrid Optical-Electrical Overlay Test Structures," Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures, 9, 9--12, 1996.

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Cresswell, M.W.; Sniegowski, J.J.; Ghoshtagore, R.N.; Allen, R.A.; Guthrie, W.F.; Gurnell, A.W.; Linholm, L.W.; Dixson, R.G.; Teague, E.C.; "Recent Developments in Electrical Linewidth and Overlay Metrology for Integrated Circuit Fabrication Processes," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 35 (12B), 6597--6609, 1996.

Ferraiolo, K.; Ippolito, L.M.; "Conference Report: COMPASS '96, The Eleventh Annual Conference on Computer Assurance," NIST Journal of Research, November/December 1996.

Paek, E.G.; "Optical Pattern Recognition Using Microlasers," Book chapter in Optical Pattern Recognition.

De Jong, A.; Hsing, K.; Su, D.; A VoD Application Implemented in Java, Special Issue of Video on Demand Systems: Technology, Interoperability, and Trial, International Journal of Multimedia Tools and Applications.

Alpert, B.; Jakob-Chien, R.; "A Fast Spherical Filter with Uniform Resolution," Journal of Computational Physics, (1997).

Alpert, B.; Wittmann, R.; Francis, M.; "Planar Near-Field Antenna Measurements Using Nonideal Measurement Locations," submitted to IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society.

Coriell, S.; Chernov, A.; Murray, B.; McFadden, G.; "Step Bunching: Generalized Kinetics," accepted by Journal of Crystal Growth.

Coriell, S.R.; Mitchell, W.F.; Murray, B.T.; Andrews J.B.; Arikawa, Y.; "Analysis of Monotectic Growth: Infinite Diffusion in the $L_2$ Phase," Journal of Crystal Growth 179: 647-657 (1997).

Anderson, D.M.; McFadden, G.B.; "A Diffuse-Interface Description of Fluid Systems," Physics of Fluids 9:1870-1879, 1997.

De Jong, A.; Kang, T.; Access to a DAVIC-Based Video on Demand System Using the World Wide Web, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Networking, Tapei, Taiwan, January 1997.

Brady, M.; Rosenthal, L.; "Interactive Conformance Testing for VRML," Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Virtual Reality Modeling Language, 1997.

Golmie, N.; "Cable Modem MAC Layer," Chapter 6, pp. 349-358, High-Speed Cable Modems, McGraw-Hill Series on Computer Communications, 1997.

Davies, M.A.; Burns, T.J.; Evans, C.J.; "On the Dynamics of Chip Formation in Machining Hard Metals," Annals of the CIRP 46: 25-30 (1997).

Donahue, M.J.; Gurvits, L.; Darken, C.; Sontag, E.; "Rates of Convex Approximations in Non-Hilbert Spaces," Constructive Approximation, 13: 187-220 (1997).

Donahue, M.J.; McMichael, R.D.; "Exchange Energy Representations in Computational Micromagnetics," Physica B, 233: 272-278 (1997).

McMichael, R.D.; Donahue, M.J.; "Head to Head Domain Wall Structures in Thin Magnetic Strips," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 33: 4167-4169 (1997).

Seidman, G.; "Extension Nodes to Facilitate VRML User Interface Development," Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Symposium on Virtual Reality Modeling Language, 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Blue, J.L., Omidvar, O.M.; "Training Dynamics on Neural Network Performance," Neural Networks, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 907-923, 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Geist, J.; Garris, M.; Chellappa, T.; "Design, Integration, and Evaluation of Form-Based Handprint and OCR Systems," to be published in IEEE Proceedings.

Wallace, Dolores R.; Ippolito, Laura M.; "Verifying and Validating Software Requirements Specifications," Software Requirements Engineering, Second Edition, IEEE Computer Society Press, January 1997.

Boisvert, R.F.; Pozo, R.; Remington, K.; Barrett, R.; Dongarra, J.J.; "The Matrix Market: A Web Repository for Test Matrix Data," The Quality of Numerical Software, Assessment and Enhancement, (Ronald F. Boisvert, Ed), Chapman & Hall, London, 1997, pp. 125-137.

Boisvert, R.F.; Ed.; The Quality of Numerical Software: Assessment and Enhancement, Chapman & Hall, London, 1997.

Golmie, N.; Su, D.; "Performance Evaluation of New Packet Admittance Policies for 802.14 MAC Protocol," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks, Paris, France, January 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; "A New Self-Organizing Neural Network Architecture for Parallel Multi-Map Pattern Recognition - FAUST," Progress in Neural Networks, Vol. 5, 1997.

Ressler, S.; Wang, Q.; Bodarky, S.; Sheppard, C.; Seidman, G.; "Using VRML to Access Manufacturing Data," Proceedings of VRML97 Second Symposium on the Virtual Reality Modeling Language, Monterey, California, February 1997.

Grother, P.J.; Candela, G.T.; Blue, J.L.; "Fast Implementations of Nearest Neighbor Classifiers," Pattern Recognition, 1997.

Rehm, R.G.; McGrattan, K.B.; Baum, H.R.; Cassel, K.W.; "Transport by Gravity Currents in Building Fires," Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, Melbourne, Australia, March 1997.

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Hogan, M.D.; Radack, S.M.; "The Quest for Information Technology (IT) Standards for the Global Information Infrastructure (GII)," StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization, Vol. 5, No.1, March 1997.

Douglas, J.F.; Hildegard, H.M.; Frantz, P.; Lipman, R.; Granick, S.; "Origin and Characterization of Conformational Heterogeneity in Adsorbed Polymer Layers," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 9 (1997) pp. 7699-7718.

Wakid, Shukri A.; Radack, Shirley M.; "Measurement-Based Standards for Future Information Technology Systems," StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization, Vol. 5, No.1, March 1997.

Cresswell, M.W.; Sniegowski, J.J.; Ghoshtagore, R.N.; Allen, R.A.; Guthrie, W.F.; Linholm, L.W.; "Electrical Linewidth Test Structures Fabricated in Mono-Crystalline Films for Reference-Material Applications," Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures, 10, 1997.

Lee, W.E.; Guthrie, W.F.; Cresswell, M.W.; Allen, R.A.; Sniegowski, J.J.; Linholm, L.W.; "Reference-Length Shortening by Kelvin Voltage Taps in Linewidth Test Structures Replicated in Mono-Crystalline Silicon Films," Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Microelectronic Test Structures, 10, 1997.

Cresswell, M.W.; Allen, R.A.; Linholm, L.W.; Guthrie, W.F.; Penzes, W.B.; Gurnell A.W.; "Hybrid Optical-Electrical Overlay Test Structures," IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturing, 10 (2), 1997.

Vangel, M.G.; "ANOVA Estimates of Variance Components for Quasi-Balanced Mixed Models," accepted for publication in Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference.

Behlke, M.; Saraswati, R.; Mackey, E.; Demiralp, R.; Porter, B.; Levenson, M.S.; Vangel, M.G.; Mandic, V,; Azemard, S.; Horvat, M.; May, K.; Emons, H.; Wise, S.; "Certification of Three Mussel Tissue Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for Methylmercury and Total Mercury Content," accepted for publication in Journal of Analytical Chemistry.

Bennett, L.H.; Donahue, M.J.; Shapiro, A.J.; Brown, H.J.; Gornakov, V.S.; Nikitenko, V.I.; "Investigation of Domain Wall Formation and Motion in Magnetic Multilayers," Physica B, 233: 356-364 (1997).

Boggs, P.T.; "A Global Convergence Analysis of an Algorithm for Large Scale Nonlinear Optimization Problems," SIAM Journal of Optimization.

Boggs, P.; Kearsley, A.; Tolle, J.; "A Practical Algorithm for the Solution of Large Scale Nonlinear Optimization Problems," SIAM Journal on Optimization.

Lozier, Daniel W.; "A Proposed Software Test Service for Special Functions," Quality of Numerical Software, Assessment and Enhancement, Ronald F. Boisvert, Editor, pp. 167-178, Chapman and Hall, 1997.

Langer, S.A.; Glotzer, S.C.; "Morphogenesis in Nematic Liquid Crystal/Polymer Materials," Proceedings of CPIP '96, Physica A.

Mitchell, W.F.; "The Full Domain Partition Approach for Parallel Multigrid on Adaptive Grids," Proceedings of the 8th SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific Computing.

Zhang, N.F.; "A Statistical Control Chart for Stationary Process Data," accepted for publication in Technometrics.

Zhang, N.F.; Postek, M.T.; Larrabee, R.D.; "Statistical Models for Estimating the Measurement of Pitch in Metrology Instruments," accepted for publication in Metrologia.

Liu, H.K.; Ehara, K.; "Background Corrected Confidence Intervals for Particle Contamination Levels," Proceedings of the13th International Symposium on Contamination Control, 478--485, 1997.

Watters, R.L.; Beary, E.S.; Fassett, J.D.; Eberhardt, K.E.; Isotope Dilution Using Inductively Coupled Plasama-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) as a Primary Method for the Determination of Inorganic Elements," Metrologia, 1997.

McClelland, J.; Gupta, R,; Levenson, M.; Vangel, M.; "Laser Collimation of a Chromium Bean," Physical Review A, 1997.

Brown, E.B.; Iyer, H.K.; Wang, C.M.; "Tolerance Intervals for Assessing Individual Bioequivalence," Statistics in Medicine, 16, 803--820, 1997.

Wang, C.M.; Vecchia, D.F.; Young, M.; Brilliant, N.A.; "Robust Regression Applied to Optical Fiber Dimensional Quality Control," Technometrics, 39 (1), 25--33, 1997.

Rose, A.H.; Etzel, S.M.; Wang, C.M.; "Verdet Constant Dispersion in Annealed Optical Fiber Current Sensors," Journal of Lightwave Technology, 15 (5), 803--807, 1997.

Rochford, K.B.; Rose, A.H.; Wang, C.M.; "NIST Study Investigates Retardance Uncertainty, Laser Focus World, 223--227, May 1997.

Wang, C.M.; Splett, J.D.; "Consensus Values and Reference Values Illustrated by the Charpy Machine Certification Program," Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 25 (3), 308--314, 1997.

Wang, C.M.; Lam, C.T.; "A Mixed--Effects Model for the Analysis of Circular Measurements," Technometrics, 39 (2), 119--126, 1997.

Williams, P.A.; Rose, A.H.; Wang, C.M.; "Rotating--Polarizer Polarimeter for Accurate Retardance Measurement," Applied Optics, 36, (25), 6466--6472, 1997.

Rochford, K.B.; Wang, C.M.; "Accurate Interferometric Retardance Measurements," Applied Optics, 36, (25), 6473--6479, 1997.

Rochford, K.B.; Rose, A.H.; Williams, P.A.; Wang, C.M.; Clarke, I.G.; Hale,P.D.; and Day, G.W.; "Design and Performance of a Stable Linear Retarder," Applied Optics, 36, (25), 6458--6465, 1997.

Filliben, J.J.; Li, K-C; "A Systematic Approach to the Analysis of Complex Interaction Patterns in Two-Level Factorial Designs," Technometrics, 1997.

Phillips, S.D.; Eberhardt, K.R.; "Discussion - Statistical Issues in Geometric Feature Inspection using Coordinate Measuring Machines," Technometrics, 1997.

Zhang, N.F.; "Detection Capability of Residual Chart for Stationary Process Data," Journal of Applied Statistics, 1997.

Zhang, N.F.; "Autocorrelation Analysis of Some Linear Transfer Function Models and its Application in the Dynamic Process Systems," Lectures in Applied Mathematics, 1997.

Britz, G.; Emerling, D.; Hare, L.; Hoerl, R.; Shade, J.; "How to Teach Others to Apply Statistical Thinking," Quality Progress, 1997.

Scher; Dokianakis; Steppe; Banks, D.; and Sclabassi; "Computer Classification of State in Healthy Preterm Neonates," Sleep, {\bf 20}, 132-141, 1997.

Kuhn, R.D.; "Sources of Failure in the Public Switched Telephone Network," IEEE Computer, Vol. 30, No. 4, April 1997.

Lozier, D.W.; Book Review: J.R. Davy and P.M. Dew, Abstract Machine Models for Highly Parallel Computers, Mathematics of Computation 66, p.918, April 1997.

Podio, F.L.; "Metadata for Interchange of Files Stored on Sequential Storage Media Between File Storage Management Systems," Mass Storage Newsletter, April 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Watson, C.I.; Paek, E.G.; "Combined Optical and Neural Network Fingerprint Matching," Proceedings of the SPIE Conference on Optical Pattern Recognition VIII, Orlando, FL, April 1997.

Burns, T.J.; Davies, M.A.; "A Nonlinear Dynamics Model for Chip Segmentation in Machining," Physical Review Letters 79: 44-7-450, 1997.

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Kim, O.; Kabore, P.; Favreau, J.P.; Abdel-Wahab, H.; "Issues in Platform-Independent Support for Multimedia Desktop Conferencing and Application Sharing, "Seventh IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing) Conference on High Performance Networking [HPN '97], White Plains, NY, April 28-May 2, 1997.

Lyle, J.R.; Wallace, D.R.; "Using the Unravel Program Slicing Tool to Evaluate High Integrity Software," Proceedings of the Quality Week '97 Conference, San Francisco, California, May 27-30, 1997.

Wallace, Dolores R.; Ippolito, Laura M.; Hecht, Herbert; "Error, Fault and Failure Data Collection and Analysis," Proceedings of the Quality Week '97 Conference, San Francisco, California, May 27-30, 1997.

Flahavin, E.; "Conference Report of the 19th National Information Systems Security Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, October 1996," NIST Journal of Research, May/June 1997.

Moline, Judith; "First Annual Leveraging Cyberspace Conference," NIST Journal of Research, May/June 1997.

Mills, Kevin L.; Hassan, G.; "Knowledge-Based Graphical Models for Software Design," Automated Software Engineering.

Gockenbach, M.S.; Kearsley, A.J.; "Optimal Signal Sets for Non-Gaussian Detectors," SIAM Journal on Optimization.

Kearsley, A.J.; Tapia, R.A.; Trosset, M.W.; "The Solution of the Metric STRESS and SSTRESS Problems in Multidimensional Scaling Using Newton's Method," Computational Statistics.

Mitchell, W.F.; "Dynamic Load Balancing with the Refinement-Tree Partition for Adaptive Multilevel Methods," Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing.

Rukhin, A.L.; Vangel, M.G.; "Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Common Mean and Weighted Means Statistics," Journal of the American Statistical Association.

Vangel, M.G.; Rukhin, A.L.; "Maximum-Likelihood Analysis for a Series of Similar Experiments," Biometrics.

Vangel, M.G.; "Tolerance Intervals and Tolerance Regions," Encyclopedia of Biostatistics.

Zhang, N.F.; Postek, M.T.; Larrabee, R.D.; Vladar, A.E.; Keery, W.J.; Jones, S.N.; "A Statistical Measure for the Sharpness of the SEM Images," Proceedings of 1997 SPIE International Symposium on Microlithography, 1997.

Wheeler, A.; McFadden, G.; "On the Notion of a xi-vector and a Stress Tensor for a General Class of Anisotropic Diffuse Interface Models," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 453: 1611-1630 (1997).

Beichl, I.; Sullivan, F.; "Computational Methods in Random Surface Simulation," book chapter in IMA Volumes in Mathematics #103, Topology and Geometry in Polymer Science Ed., S. Whittington, D. Summners, and T. Lodge.

Veasey, D.; Gary, J.; Amin, J.; Aust, J.; "Time-Dependent Modeling of Erbium-Doped Waveguide Lasers in Lithium Niobate Pumped at 980 nm and 1480 nm," IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 33: 1647-1663 (1997).

McCabe, R.M.; "Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial, and SMT Information (ANSI/NIST-ITL 1a-1997)," ANSI Standard (addendum to standard ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993).

Gockenbach, M.S.; Kearsley, A.J.; Symes, W.W.; "An Infeasible Point Method for Minimizing the Lennard-Jones Potential," Computational Optimization and Applications.

Mitchell, W.F.; "StopWatch: A Module for Portable Measurement of Execution Time," Fortran Journal 9, 1997.

Garris, M.D.; Blue, J.L.; Candela, G.T.; Dimmick, D.L.; Geist, J.; Grother, P.J.; Janet, S.A.; Omidvar, O.; Wilson, C.L.; "Design of a Hand-Print Recognition System," Journal of Electronic Imaging 6: 231-243 (1997).

Kuhn, D.R.; "Evolving Directions in Formal Methods," Proceedings of COMPASS '97 Conference, June 1997.

Wallace, D.R.; "Perspectives on the Use of COTS Software," Medical Device Software Conference, Proceedings of the 1996 HIMA Conference, Health Industry Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, June 1997.

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Hunt, F.; Galler, M.A.; Martin, J.W.; "Microstructure of Weathered Paint and its Relation to Gloss Loss: Computer Simulation and Modeling," Journal of Coatings Technology.

Sekerka, R.F.; Coriell, S.R.; McFadden, G.B.; "The Effect of Container Size on Dendritic Growth in Microgravity," Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 171, pp. 303-306, 1997.

Larson, G.W.; Rushmeier, H.; Piatko, C.; "A Visibility Matching Tone Reproduction Operator for High Dynamic Range Scenes," Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '97 Conference.

Boisvert, R.F.; Pozo, R.; Remington, K.A.; "On the Exchange of Matrix Data in ASCII Format," SIAM Journal of Matrix Analysis Applications.

Burns, T.J.; Davies, M.A.; Evans, C.J.; "A New Approach to Modeling Chip Segmentation in Hard Turning," Proceedings of the First French & German Conference on High Speed Machining, Metz, France, June 17-18, 1997.

Hunt, F.Y.; "Unique Ergodicity and the Approximation of Attractors and their Invariant Measures Using Ulam's Method," Nonlinearity published by the Institute of Physics.

Steinauer, D.D.; Radack, S.M.; Katzke, S.W.; "U.S. Government Activities to Protect the Information Infrastructure," Proceedings of the 5th German IT Security of the Bundesamt Conference on "Security for the Information Society."

Sullivan, J.M.; "SQL Test Suite Goes Online," IEEE Computer, June 1997.

Saunders, B.V.; "The Application of Numerical Grid Generation to Problems in Computational Fluid Dynamics," Proceedings of the Third Conference for African-American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences, Morgan State University, June 18-20, 1997.

Zhang, Nien Fan; "A Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart for Stationary Process Data," Journal of Quality Technology.

Boisvert, R.F.; Miller, B.; "Enhancing Interactivity of Software and Data Repositories with Java," Proceedings of the 15th IMACS World Congress on Scientific Computing, Modeling and Simulation, Int. Assoc. for Math. And Computers in Simulation (IMACS).

Burns, T.J.; Davis, R.W.; Moore, E.F.; "A Perturbation Study of Particle Dynamics in a Plane Wake Flow," Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

Burns, T.J.; Davis, R.W.; Moore, E.F.; "Dynamical Systems Approach to Particle Transport Modeling in Dilute Gas-Particle Flows with Application to a Chemical Vapor Deposition Reactor," Aerosol Science and Technology, 26:193-211, 1997.

Eberhardt, K.R.; Levenson, M.S.; Gann, R.G.; "Fabrics for Testing the Ignition Propensity of Cigarettes," Fire and Materials.

Gornakov, V.S.; Nikitenko, V.I.; Bennett, L.H.; Brown, H.J.; Donahue, M.J.; Egelhoff, W.F.; McMichael, R.D.; Shapiro, A.J.; "Experimental Study of Magnetization Reversal Processes in Nonsymmetric Spin Valve," Journal of Applied Physics, 81: 5215-5217 (1997).

Garofolo, John S.; Fiscus, Jonathan G.; Fisher, William M.; "Design and Preparation of the 1996 HUB-4 Broadcast News Benchmark Test Corpora," Proceedings of the 1997 DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop.

Hare, L.B.; Book Review: "Statistics for Management" [by Mandel, B.J.; Laessig, R.E.;], American Statistician, August 1997.

Pallett, David S.; Fiscus, Jonathan G.; Przybocki, Mark A.; "1996 Preliminary Broadcast News Benchmark Tests," Proceedings of the 1997 DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop.

Snelick, R.D.; "S-Check: A Tool for Tuning Parallel Programs," Proceedings of the 11th International Parallel Processing Symposium.

Voorhees, Ellen; Garofolo, John; Jones, Karen S.; "The TREC-6 Spoken Document Retrieval Track," Proceedings of the 1997 DARPA Speech Recognition Workshop.

Carasso, A.S.; "Linear and Nonlinear Image Deblurring: A Documented Study," SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis.

Cugini, J.V.; Laskowski, S.J.; Piatko, C.D.; "Document Clustering in Concept Space: The NIST Information Retrieval Visualization Engine (NIRVE)," Proceedings of 1997 CODATA Euro-American Workshop Visualization of Information and Data, June 1997.

Rust, B.W.; Rushmeier, H.E.; "A New Representation of the Contrast Sensitivity Function for Human Vision," Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST '97), Las Vegas, Nevada, June 30-July 2, 1997.

Youssef, Abdou; "Selection of Good Biorthogonal Wavelets for Data Compression," Proceedings of the International Conference on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology (CISST '97), Las Vegas, Nevada, June 30-July 2, 1997.

Courson, M.M.; Indovina, M.D.; Snelick, R.D.; Kearsley, A.J.; "Tuning Parallel and Networked Programs with S-Check," Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTS '97), Vol. I, pp. 21-30, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 30-July 3, 1997.

Tang, H.C.; "Parallelizing a Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Method," Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTS '97), Vol. II, pp. 806-810, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 30-July 3, 1997.

Wilson, C.L.; Blue, J., Omidvar, O.; "Neurodynamics of Learning and Its Effect on Network Performance," Journal of Electronic Imaging 6(3), pp. 379-385, July 1997.

Lowney, J.; Rust, B.; "Correcting for the Effect of Electron Beam Broadening in Critical Dimension Metrology," Scanning Electron Microscopy, Scanning, Vol. 19, No. 3 pp. 222-223, (1997).

Fong, Elizabeth; Rhodes, Thomas; "Metadata for Multimedia Objects in the Learning Domain," Proceedings of Joint Workshop on Metadata Registries, July 8-11, 1997.

Newton, Judith J.; "Registration of Metadata Using a Two-Level Domain Definition Procedure," Proceedings of Joint Workshop on Metadata Registries, July 8-11, 1997.

Hoffman, D.M.; Downey, L.L.; "Lessons Learned in an Information Usability Study," Proceedings of the 20th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 27-31, 1997.

McKnight, M.E.; Martin, J.W.; Galler, M.; Hunt, F.Y.; Lipman, R.R.; Vorburger, T.W.; Thompson, A.; "Conference Report on the Workshop on Advanced Methods and Models for appearance of Coatings and Coated Objects," NIST Journal of Research, July/August 1997.

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Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; Hong, J.H.; Chang, T.Y.; "Non-Mechanical Image Rotation Using an AODP (Acousto-Optic Dove Prism)," Optics Letters, August 1, 1997.

Laskowski, S.J.; Grinstein, G.; "Requirements for Benchmarking the Integration of Visualization and Data Mining," Proceedings of the Workshop on Issues in the Integration of Data Mining and Data Visualization, August 17, 1997.

Podio, F.; Vollrath, W.; Kobler, B.; "Media Error Monitoring and Reporting Information (MEMRI) - Metadata for Intelligent Digital Data Storage Devices," Proceedings of the Second IEEE Metadata Conference, September 1997.

Cypher, D.; Wakid, S.; "Error Characteristics of CDMA and Impact on Voice, E-mail, and Web Pages," Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, Helsinki, Finland, September 1-4, 1997.

Williams, J.; Kobler, B.; Podio, F.; "An Emerging Standard for File-Level Metadata," Proceedings of the IEEE Metadata Conference, Silver Spring, Maryland, Sept. 16-17, 1997.

Newton, J.; Fong, E.; Rhodes, T.; "A Taxonomy for Retrieval of Standards Information on the World Wide Web," Proceedings of the Second IEEE Metadata Conference, IEEE Computer Society, September 1997.

Ressler, S.; Trefzger, W.; "Development of the NIST Virtual Library," IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 35-41, September/October 1997.

Hagwood, R.C.; Sivathanu, Y.; Mulholland, G.; "The Transfer Function with Brownian Motion: A Trajectory Approach," Journal of Aerosol Science and Technology.

Langer, S.A.; Liu, A.J.; "Effect of Random Packing on Stress Relaxation in Foam," Journal of Physical Chemistry.

Mitchell, W.F.; "A Parallel Multigrid Method Using the Full Domain Partition," Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis [and WWW].

Smid, M.E.; Roback, E.A.; Lennon, E.B.; "Proposal for an Advanced Encryption Standard," Open Systems Standards Tracking Report [DEC Newsletter].

Boisvert, R.F.; Browne, S.V.; Dongarra, J.J.; Grosse, E.; Miller, B.; "Interactive User Interfaces for Software Repositories," Proceedings of the Sixth International ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management.

Fisher, G.E.; "Test Assertions For Year 2000 Compliance," Open Group Standards Tracking Report.

Kacker, R.; Zhang, N.F.; "Process Control for Common Conditions," Proceedings of the 51st Session of the Intl. Statistical Institute.

Downey, L.L.; Laskowski, S.J.; Buie, E.A.; Hefley, W.E.; "1997 Symposium Report, Usability Engineering 2: Measurement and Methods," SIGCHI Bulletin, October 1997.

Lee, David; Su, David; "Modeling and Testing of Protocol Systems," Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Testing of Communicating Systems.

Maish, F.M.; "Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS)," Encyclopedia of Scientific Instrumentation, 1997 edition.

Fordham, B.; Abiteboul, S.; Yesha, Y.; "Evolving Databases: An Application to Electronic Commerce," Proceedings of IEEE 1997 International Symposium on Database Engineering and Applications.

Harman, D.K.; "The SMART Lab Report - The Early Cornell Years," SIGIR Forum, 1997.

Ressler, S.P.; "Markup Languages," Encyclopedia of Computer Science, Fourth Edition.

Rosenthal, Lynne S.; "Test Suite Checks Your Browser's Vision," Government Computer News.

Wakid, Shukri A.; Radack, Shirley M.; "Introduction to Special Issue of StandardView on Tests and Measurements for Information Technology," StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 1997.

Pallett, David S.; Baker, Janet M.; "Tests and Measurements Contribute to the Development of Automatic Speech Recognition Technology," StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 1997.

Rosenthal, Lynne S.; Skall, Mark W.; Brady, Mary C.; Kass, Michael J.; Montanez-Rivera, Carmelo; "Web-Based Conformance Testing for VRML," StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 1997.

Steinauer, D.; Wakid, S.; Rasberry, S.; "Trust and Traceability in Electronic Commerce," StandardView, ACM Perspectives on Standardization, Vol. 5, No. 3, September 1997.

McCrary, V.R.; "Manufacturing Infrastructure for Optoelectronics," Proceedings of the 25th SOTAPOCS (State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors) Electrochemical Society, Fall 1997.

Kia, O.E.; Doermann, D.S.; "Residual Coding in Document Image Compression," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

Voorhees, E.M.; Tong, R.M.; "Multiple Search Engines in Database Merging," Proceedings of ACM Digital Libraries '97.

Wang, C.M.; Hamilton, C.A.; "The Fourth Interlaboratory Comparison of 10 V Josephson Voltage Standards," Metrologia.

Harman, D.K.; "Information Retrieval," Encyclopedia of Computer Science, Fourth Edition.

Scholtz, J.C.; Downey, L.L.; "WEB Usability: The Search for a Yardstick," Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Human Factors and the WEB.

Scholtz, J.C.; Position Paper for UPA Workshop, "Remote Usability Testing over the Internet: Tools and Techniques," Proceedings of Usability Professional's Association Workshop.

Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; "Narrow-Bandwidth Grating-Assisted Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter," Applied Physics Letters.

Beichl, I.; Sullivan, F.; "Monte Carlo Time After Time," IEEE Computational Science and Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 91-95, 1997.

Mitchell, William F.; "The Full Domain Partition Approach to Parallel Adaptive Refinement," Grid Generation and Adaptive Algorithms, IMA Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications, Springer-Verlag.

Zhang, N.F.; "Combining Process Capability Indices," Journal of Quality Technology.

Kia, O.E.; Doermann, D.S.; "OCR-Based Rate-Distortion Analysis of Residual Coding," Proceedings of the International Conference on Image Processing, Santa Barbara, California, October 1997.

Weinstock, Charles B.; Wallace, Dolores R.; "Reducing Search Frustration on the World Wide Web," submitted to Byte Magazine, October 1997.

Zelkowitz, Marvin V.; Wallace, Dolores R.; "Collecting Industrial Experimental Data," 1997 IEEE Workshop on Empirical Studies of Software Maintenance (WESS '97), Bari, Italy, October 3, 1997.

Favreau, J.P., "NIST's Role in Electronic Commerce: An Overview of Technology Challenges," Intergovernmental Solutions Newsletter, Electronic Commerce Edition: Issue 2, October 1997.

Frankel, S.; "Security Tools - A "Try Before You Buy" Web-Based Approach," Proceedings of the 20th National Information Systems Security Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, October 7-10, 1997.

Barkley, John F.; Cincotta, Anthony V.; Ferraiolo, David; Gavrila, Serban; Kuhn, D. Richard; "Role Based Access Control for the World Wide Web," Proceedings of the 20th National Information Systems Security Conference, Baltimore, Maryland, October 7-10, 1997.

Wakid, Shukri A.; Radack, Shirley M.; "Emerging Trends in Information Technology," Conference Proceedings, Video Electronics Standards Association, San Jose, California, October 1997.

Horst, J.A.; Beichl, I.; "A Simple Algorithm for Efficient Piecewise Linear Approximation of Space Curves", Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 97 (ICIP97), October 1997.

Abdel-Wahab, H.; Kvande, B.; Kim, O.; Favreau, J.P.; "An Internet Collaborative Environment for Sharing Java Applications," Proceedings of the 5th IEEE Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS '97), Tunis, Tunisia, October 29-31, 1997.

Cypher, David; Wakid, Shukri; "Nomadic Computing and CDMA," Proceedings of the 6th IEEE Computer Society Workshop on Future Trends of Distributed Computing Systems (FTDCS'97), Tunis, Tunisia, October 29-31, 1997.

Goldfine, A.H.; Fisher, G.E.; Rosenthal, L.S.; "Experience Report: Comparing an Automated Conformance Test Development Approach with a Traditional Development Approach," Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Software Metrics, Albuquerque, New Mexico, November 5-7, 1997.

Barkley, J.F.; "Comparing Simple Role Based Access Control Models and Access Control Lists," Proceedings of Second ACM Workshop on Role Based Access Control, November 6-7, 1997.

Ferraiolo, D.; Barkley, J.; "Specifying and Managing Role Based Access Control within a Corporate Intranet," Proceedings of Second ACM Workshop on Role Based Access Control, November 6-7, 1997.

Ferraiolo, D.; Kuhn, D. Richard; "Future Directions in Role Based Access Control," Proceedings of Second ACM Workshop on Role Based Access Control, November 6-7, 1997.

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Kuhn, D. Richard; "Mutual Exclusion of Roles as a Means of Implementing Separation of Duty in Role Based Access Control," Proceedings of Second ACM Workshop on Role Based Access Control, November 6-7, 1997.

Ressler, S.P.; Wang, Q.; "Integrating Factory Floor and Human Simulations in a Portable Web-Based Environment," Proceedings of Human Factors and Ergonomics Society European Chapter 1997, Bochum, Germany, November 6-8, 1997.

Zelkowitz, M.Z.; Wallace, D.R.; "Experimental Validation in Software Engineering," Empirical Assessment and Evaluation in Software Engineering Conference, Keele University, England, March 24-26, 1997. Published in Information and Software Technology, Elsevier Sciences, The Netherlands, November 1997.

Golmie, N.; Corner, M.; Liebeherr, J.; Su, D.; "Improving Effectiveness of ATM Traffic over Hybrid Fiber-coax Networks," Proceedings of Globecom 97, Phoenix, AZ, November 1997.

Nikitenko, V.I.; Dedukh, L.M.; Gornakov, V.S.; Kabanov, Y.P.; Bennett, L.H.; Donahue, M.J.; Swartzendruber, L.J.; Shapiro, A.J.; Brown, H.J.; "Spin Reorientation Transitions and Domain Structure in Magnetic Multilayers," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 33: 3661-3663 (1997).

Fujii, Roger; Wallace, Dolores; "Software Verification and Validation," Software Engineering, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1997.

Moline, Judith; "Virtual Reality for Health Care: A Survey," Virtual Reality in Neuro-Psycho-Physiology, edited by G. Riva, pp. 3-34, IOS Press, The Netherlands, December 1997.

Banks, D.L.; Olszewski, R.T.; "Estimating Local Dimensionality," Proceedings of the American Statistical Association, Section on Computational Statistics, 1997.

Fiscus, Jonathan G.; "A Post-Processing System to Yield Reduced Word Error Rates: Recognizer Output Voting Error Reduction (ROVER)," Proceedings of 1997 IEEE Workshop on Speech Recognition and Understanding.

Braun, R.J.; Cahn, J.W.; McFadden, G.B.; Wheeler, A.A.; "Anisotropy of Interfaces in an Ordered Alloy: A Multiple-Order-Parameter Model," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A 355:1787-1833, 1997.

Carasso, A.S.; "Error Bounds in Nonsmooth Image Deblurring," SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 28: 656-668, 1997.

Hecht, H.; Hecht, Myron; Wallace, D.; "Toward More Effective Testing for High Assurance Systems," published on WWW.

Kia, Omid E.; Sauvola, Jaakko J.; "Techniques for Document and Media Processing in Distributed Environment," Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Special Issue Network Centric.

Simon, M.J.; Lagergren, E.S.; and Snyder, K.A.; "Concrete Mixture Optimization Using Statistical Mixture Design Methods," Proceedings of the PCI/FHWA International Symposium on High- Performance Concrete.

Anderson, D.M.; McFadden, G.B.; Wheeler, A.A.; "Diffuse-Interface Methods in Fluid Mechanics," Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 1998.

Boisvert, R.F.; "Program Libraries, Numerical and Statistical," Encyclopedia of Computer Science, 4th Edition, 1998.

Garris, M.D.; "Intelligent System for Reading Handwriting on Forms," Engineering Complex Computer Systems - Minitrack in the Emerging Technologies Track of the 31st Hawaii Int'l. Conference on System Sciences.

Hagwood, Charles; "A Probabilistic Approach to Exit from a Potential Well," Annals of Applied Probability.

Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; "High Resolution Grating-Assisted Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter," Proceedings of Optical Fiber Communications OFC-98, Optical Society of America.

Ressler, S.P.; Wang, Q.; "Making VRML Accessible for People with Disabilities," Proceedings of VRML98 Third Symposium on the Virtual Reality Modeling Language.

Black, P.E.; Windley, P.J.; "Formal Verification of Secure Programs in the Presence of Side Effects," Proceedings of the Thirty-First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-31), IEEE Computer Science Press, January 1998.

Downey, L.L.; Scholtz, J.C.; "On the Fast Track: New Usability Testing Methods for Web Sites," Proceedings of Computer-Human Interaction (CHI '98) Conference.

Donahue, M.J.; "A Variational Approach to Exchange Energy Calculations in Micromagnetics," Journal of Applied Physics.

Liggett, W.; Fletcher, R.; "Data Mining Electron Microscope Images to Estimate a Particle Size Distribution," Technometrics.

Porter, D.G.; "Analytical Determination of the LLG Zero-Damping Critical Switching Field," IEEE Transactions of Magnetics.

Paek, E.G.; Wilson, C.L.; Roberts, J.W.; Watson, C.I.; "High Speed Temporal Characterization and Visualization of Spatial Light Modulators and Flat Panel Displays," Optics Letters.

Scholtz, J.C.; "Graphical User Interfaces," Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, published by John Wiley; Editor, John C. Webster.

Coakley, K.J.; "Statistical Planning for a Neutron Lifetime Using Magnetically Trapped Neutrons," Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A.

Blue, J.L.; "Kinetic Simulations of Crystal Growth with (Nearly) Realistic Physics," Physical Review B.

Gallagher, K.B.; Wallace, D.R.; Boland, F.T.; Binkley, D.W.; Lyle, J.R.; "The Surgeon's Assistant," Journal of Software Maintenance (Wiley).

Golmie, Nada; Saintillan, Yves; Su, David H.; "ABR Switch Mechanisms: Design Issues and Performance Evaluation," special issue on ATM network flow control, Computer Networks and ISDN Journal, 1998.

Golmie, Nada; Corner, M.; Liebeherr, J.; Su, David H.; "A Priority Scheme for the IEEE 802.14 MAC Protocol for HFC Networks," Proceedings of INFOCOM '98.

Golmie, N.; Masson, S.; Pieris, G.; Su, D.; "A MAC Protocol for HFC Networks: Design Issues and Performance Evaluation," accepted to appear in Computer Communications in 1998.

Paek, E.G.; Choe, J.Y.; Oh, T.K.; "Acoustically Steered and Rotated (ASTRO) Optoelectronic 2-D True Time Delay Generation," Proceedings of SPIE, Photonics West '98, Optoelectronics, San Jose, California, January 24-30, 1998.

Zelkowitz, M.V.; Wallace, D.R.; "Validating the Benefit of New Software Technology," Software Quality Professional, American Society for Quality, April 1998.

Zelkowitz, M.V.; Wallace, D.; "Experimental Validation in Computer Science," COMPUTER, May 1998.

Beichl, I.; Sullivan, F.; "Make Me a Match," IEEE Computational Science & Engineering.

Boisvert, R.F.; Dongarra, J.J.; Pozo, R.; Remington, K.; "Developing Numerical Libraries in Java," Concurrency, Practice and Experience.

Goujon, D.S.; Michel, M.; Peeters, J.; Devaney, J.E.; "AutoMap and AutoLink: Tools for Communicating Complex and Dynamic Data Structures Using MPI," Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

Hagstrom, T.; Alpert, B.K.; Greengard, L.F.; Hariharan, S.I.; "Accurate Boundary Treatments for Maxwell's Equations and Their Computational Complexity," ACES Proceedings.

Bondarenko, A.; Kearsley, A.; Rothschild, B.; Sharov, A.; "Data Assimilation for estimation of Plankton Mass from Satellite Data," accepted by Journal of Plankton Research.

Braun, R.; Cahn, J.; McFadden, G.; Rushmeier, H.; Wheeler, A.; "Theory of Anisotropic Growth Rates in the Ordering of an fcc Alloy," accepted by Acta Materialia.

Mitchell, W.F.; "The Full Domain Partition Approach to Distributing Adaptive Grids," to appear in Applied Numerical Mathematics.

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In 1997, our organization sponsored, co-sponsored, and conducted many conferences, workshops, lectures, and training seminars, including the following:

Annual conferences and ongoing workshops

20th National Information Systems Security Conference COMPASS '97, 12th Annual Conference on Computer Assurance edCIRC Annual Conference Fifth Text REtrieval Conference (TREC-5) North American ISDN Users' Forum (NIUF) Tenth Annual Federal Information Systems Security Educators Association (FISSEA) Conference Usability Engineering 2: Measurement and Methods (UE2) Workshop on Improving Product and Process Quality Using Experiment Design

Specialized conferences and workshops

Advanced Mass Measurements Workshop Conference on Leveraging Cyberspace Display Forum '97 Workshop International Symposium on the Year 2000: Mastering the Millennium Rollover Interoperable Message Passing Interface (IMPI) Workshop Invitational Workshop on Digital Library of Mathematical Functions Public Forum on Certificate Authorities and Digital Signatures: Enhancing Global Electronic Commerce Prototype Conferencing Products Interoperability Events Software Standards and Conformance Testing: An Update Statistical Methods for Certification of Reference Materials Systems Anthropometry Workshop Uncertainty Calculations in Chemical Measurements Workshop on Developing the Advanced Encryption Standard Workshop on Protection Profile for Network Firewall Devices Workshop on Role Based Access Control

Seminars and Lectures

Federal Computer Incident Response Capability (FedCIRC)Seminar for Federal Agencies FedCIRC Seminar SeriesSeminar Series High Integrity Systems Lecture Series High Performance Systems and Services Division Lecture Series Joint Seminar of the Computer Security and Statistical Engineering Divisions: Patterns in Words Joint Seminar of the Statistical Engineering Division and the Software Diagnostic and Conformance Testing Division: Improved Engineering of the Software Manufacturing Process Incident Handling Workshop Lecture on Manufacturing Infrastructure for Optoelectronics Lecture on Virtual Humans for Animation, Ergonomics, and Simulation Lecture Series on Matrix Algorithms Mathematical and Computational Sciences Division (MCSD) Colloquia Session on Scientific Software, IMACS 97 Seminar Series on the Future of Information Technology Statistical Engineering Division Seminars Strategic and Technical Directions from the Visionary Leaders of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Supporting Interactive Information Retrieval through Relevance Feedback: A Study of End-Users

Training courses and tutorials

Analysis of Variance Basics of Synchronize Training Computer Security, Management Update Design of Experiments Distributed Computing & Information Services, Management Update Eudora Training Exploratory Data Analysis, Statistics for Scientists and Engineers Intermediate Synchronize Training Introduction to AVS5, AVS/EXPRESS, and IBM Data Explorer Introduction to PV-WAVE Introduction to Virtual Instrumentation Using LabVIEW LabVIEW Users' Group MS Word for Windows Equation Editor Overview of Microsoft Word Practical Intrusion Detection Workshop Regression Models Spectral Methods for Data Analysis Statistical Automation for Parallel Code and Improvement Time Series Analysis

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For information on ITL electronic products, services, and resources, access the WWW at:http://www.itl.nist.gov

Advanced Network Technologies - includes Cerberus, a leading edge prototype and reference implementation of emerging network layer Internet security; the Integrated Services Protocol Instrument (ISPI), an interactive, integrated tool for measuring the performance of quality of service (QoS) sensitive data streams while conducting experiments with emerging Internet resource reservation protocols and real-time network services; IPsec WIT, an interoperability test system built around the Cerberus IPsec prototype and commonly available WWW technology; and NIST Net, a general-purpose tool for emulating performance dynamics in IP networks. http://www.antd.nist.gov

ATM/HFC Simulator - a means for researchers and network planners to analyze the behavior of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) networks without the expense of building a real network:http://www.hsnt.nist.gov/misc/hsnt/prj_atm-sim.html

Computer Security Resource Clearinghouse - information on computer security awareness and training, publications, conferences, software tools, security alerts, and prevention measures, as well as the Cryptographic Module Validation Program:http://csrc.nist.gov

Directory of Conformance Testing Programs, Products, and Services - sources for measuring software for conformance to IT standards:http://www.nist.gov/ctdirectory.html

Guide to Available Mathematical Software (GAMS) - a cross-index and virtual repository of mathematical and statistical software components of use in computational science and engineering:http://gams.nist.gov/

High Integrity Systems and Software Assurance - methods and tools for assuring dependability in software:http://hissa.ncsl.nist.gov

Matrix Market - a visual repository of test data for use in comparative studies of algorithms for numerical linear algebra, featuring nearly 500 sparse matrices for a variety of applications, as well as matrix generation tools and services:http://math.nist.gov/MatrixMarket/

MultiKron - a series of very large scale integration (VLSI) instrumentation chips and interface boards which measure the performance of parallel processors and workstations on high-speed networks:http://cmr.ncsl.nist.gov/multikron/multikron.html

North American Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Users' Forum (NIUF) - approved documentation, working group charters, ISDN applications, meeting highlights, and future meeting announcements:http://www.niuf.nist.gov/misc/niuf.html

Open Virtual Reality Testbed - software and information for virtual reality and the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML):http://ovrt.nist.gov

Role Based Access Control - an implementation of the NIST RBAC model for the WWW running on Unix Web servers:http://hissa.ncsl.nist.gov/RBACdist/

A tool for viewing and establishing access control lists for Windows NT:http://hissa.ncsl.nist.gov/RBACdistNT/

S-Check - NIST's novel tool for assaying and improving performances of parallel and networked programs: http://cmr.ncsl.nist.gov/scheck/scheck.html

Statistical Reference Datasets (StRD) - a Web-based service that provides reference datasets with certified computational results for several statistical areas: http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/strd/

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NIST Special Databases

To order NIST Special Databases or NIST Special Software, write or call NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Building 820, Room 113, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, telephone (301) 975-2208; fax (301) 926-0416; email SRDATA@enh.nist.gov

• Special Database 2
  NIST Structured Forms Reference Set of Binary Images (SFRS) $150

• Special Database 4
  NIST 8-Bit Gray Scale Images of Fingerprint Image Groups $150

• Special Database 6
  NIST Structured Forms Reference Set of Binary Images II $150

• Special Database 8
  NIST Machine-Print Database of Gray Scale and Binary Images $270

• Special Database 9
  NIST Mated Fingerprint Card Pairs (vols. 1-5) $270 each

• Special Database 10
  Supplemental Fingerprint Card Data for NIST Special Database 9 $270

• Special Database 11
  NIST Census Miniform Training Database 1: Binary Images from Microfilm $150

• Special Database 12
  NIST Census Miniform Training Database 2: Binary Images from Paper and Microfilm $150

• Special Database 13
  NIST Census Miniform Test Database: Binary Images from Paper and Microfilm $150

• Special Database 14
  NIST Mated Fingerprint Card Pairs 2 $270

• Special Database 18
  NIST Mugshot Identification Database $270

• Special Database 19
  NIST Handprinted Forms and Characters Database $150

• Special Database 20
  NIST Scientific and Technical Document Database $330

• NIST Scoring Package Release 1.0 $150

For more information, contact:

Information Technology Laboratory
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Building 225, Room B261
Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001

Telephone: (301) 975-2900
Facsimile: (301) 840-1357
Email: itlab@nist.gov



Elizabeth B. Lennon, Writer/Editor

Susan Permut, Design Consultant

Kathie Koenig Simon, Photographer

Don Price, Production

Warren F. Overman, Printing Coordinator

NOTE: Reference to specific commercial products or brands is for information purposes only; no endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, explicit or implicit, is intended or implied.

January 1998

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