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2. Measurement Process Characterization
2.1. Characterization

2.1.1.

What are the issues for characterization?

'Goodness' of measurements A measurement process can be thought of as a well-run production process in which measurements are the output. The 'goodness' of measurements is the issue, and goodness is characterized in terms of the errors that affect the measurements.
Bias, variability and uncertainty The goodness of measurements is quantified in terms of
Requires ongoing statistical control program The continuation of goodness is guaranteed by a statistical control program that controls both
Scope is limited to ongoing processes The techniques in this chapter are intended primarily for ongoing processes. One-time tests and special tests or destructive tests are difficult to characterize. Examples of ongoing processes are:
  • Calibration where similar test items are measured on a regular basis
  • Certification where materials are characterized on a regular basis
  • Production where the metrology (tool) errors may be significant
  • Special studies where data can be collected over the life of the study
Application to production processes The material in this chapter is pertinent to the study of production processes for which the size of the metrology (tool) error may be an important consideration. More specific guidance on assessing metrology errors can be found in the section on gauge studies.
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