2.
Measurement Process Characterization
2.3. Calibration 2.3.3. What are calibration designs? 2.3.3.3. Uncertainties of calibrated values
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Design with two reference standards and two test items | An example is shown below for a 1,1,1,1 design for two reference standards, R1 and R2, and two test items, X1 and X2, and six difference measurements. The restraint, R*, is the sum of values of the two reference standards, and the check standard, which is independent of the restraint, is the difference between the values of the reference standards. The design and its solution are reproduced below. | ||
Check standard is the difference between the two reference standards |
OBSERVATIONS 1 1 1 1 Y(1) + - Y(2) + - Y(3) + - Y(4) + - Y(5) + - Y(6) + - RESTRAINT + + CHECK STANDARD + - DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 3 SOLUTION MATRIX DIVISOR = 8 OBSERVATIONS 1 1 1 1 Y(1) 2 -2 0 0 Y(2) 1 -1 -3 -1 Y(3) 1 -1 -1 -3 Y(4) -1 1 -3 -1 Y(5) -1 1 -1 -3 Y(6) 0 0 2 -2 R* 4 4 4 4 |
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Explanation of solution matrix | The solution matrix gives values for the test items of \begin{eqnarray} X_1^* = \frac{1}{8} \left( -3Y_2 - Y_3 - 3Y_4 - Y_5 + 2Y_6 \right) + \frac{1}{2} R^* \\ X_2^* = \frac{1}{8} \left( -Y_2 - 3Y_3 - Y_4 - 3Y_5 - 2Y_6 \right) + \frac{1}{2} R^* \end{eqnarray} | ||
Factors for computing contributions of repeatability and level-2 standard deviations to uncertainty |
FACTORS FOR REPEATABILITY STANDARD DEVIATIONS WT FACTOR K1 1 1 1 1 1 0.3536 + 1 0.3536 + 1 0.6124 + 1 0.6124 + 0 0.7071 + - FACTORS FOR LEVEL-2 STANDARD DEVIATIONS WT FACTOR K2 1 1 1 1 1 0.7071 + 1 0.7071 + 1 1.2247 + 1 1.2247 + 0 1.4141 + - The first table shows factors for computing the contribution of the repeatability standard deviation to the total uncertainty. The second table shows factors for computing the contribution of the between-day standard deviation to the uncertainty. Notice that the check standard is the last entry in each table. |
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Unifying equation | The unifying equation is: $$ {\large s}_{test} = \sqrt{K_1^2 {\large s}_1^2 + K_2^2 {\large s}_{days}^2 } \,\, .$$ | ||
Standard deviations are computed using the factors from the tables with the unifying equation |
The steps in computing the standard deviation for a test item are:
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