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Extreme Wind Speeds: Publications
Publications for Extreme Wind Speeds This page contains a partial list of publications related to this topic.
  1. Books co-authored by NIST staff
  2. Journal Publications
  3. NIST Technical Reports
  4. NIST Talks and Conference Proceedings
  5. Book Reviews
  6. Non-NIST References
Books The following is a list of books co-authored by NIST staff.
  1. Simiu, E. and Yeo, D. (2019). "Wind effects on structures: Modern structural design for wind," 4th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, (external link: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Wind+Effects+on+Structures%3A+Modern+Structural+Design+for+Wind%2C+4th+Edition-p-9781119375883.

  2. Simiu, E. (2011). "Design of Buildings for Wind," Second Edition. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons.

  3. Simiu, E. and Miyata, T. (2006). "Design of Buildings and Bridges for Wind: A Practical Guide for ASCE 7 Users and Designers of Special Structures," John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

  4. Simiu, Emil and Scanlan, Robert (1996). "Wind Effects On Structures," Third Edition, John Wiley and Sons.

  5. Galambos, J., Lechner, J. and Simiu, E., Editors (1994). "Extreme Value Theory and Applications," Vol. 1, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
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Journal Publications The following is a list of journal publications.
  1. Rikhi Bose, Adam Pintar, and Emil Simmiu (2022), "A real time prediction methdology for hurricane evolution using LSTM recurrent neural networks," Neural Computing and Applications, https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07384-1, (PDF format).

  2. Tarak N. Nandi, Adam L. Pintar and Emil Simiu (2021), "Influence of Surface Roughness Unertainties on Design of Structures with Open and Suburban Exposures," ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp. 1-11, https://www.doi.org/10.1061/AJRUA6.0001191, (PDF format).

  3. Dat Duthinh and Emil Simiu (2020), "Verification of ASCE 7-16 Pressure Coefficients and Database-Assisted Design of Purlins and Girts Accounting for Wind Directionality," Journal of Structural Engineering, 146(3):06020001, https://www.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002543, (PDF format).

  4. Sejun Park, Dat Duthinh, Emil Simiu and DongHun Yeo (2019), "Wind Effects on a Tall Building with Square Cross-Section and Mid-Size Base Columns: Database-Assisted Design Approach," Journal of Structural Engineering, 145(5):06019001, https://www.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002328, (PDF format).

  5. Emil Simiu, Florian A. Potra and Tarak N. Nandi (2019), "Determining Longitudinal Integral Turbulence Scales in the Near-Neutral Atmosheric Surface Layer," Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 170:349-355, https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-018-0400-4, (PDF format).

  6. Duthinh, Ke, Levitan, Park, Phan, Pintar, Shi, Simiu, and Yeo (2018), "Recent and Current Wind Engineering Research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology," Chapter 1 of Wind Engineering for Natural Hazards: Modeling, Simulation, and Mitigation of Windstorm Impact on Critical Infrastructure," Edited By Aly Mousaad Aly, Ph.D.; Elena Dragomirescu, Ph.D., ASCE Press, pp. 169-191, (PDF format).

  7. Yeo, DongHun and Shi, Liang (2018), "Computational versus Wind Tunnel Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer FLow for Structural Engineering Applications," Chapter 9 of Wind Engineering for Natural Hazards: Modeling, Simulation, and Mitigation of Windstorm Impact on Critical Infrastructure," Edited By Aly Mousaad Aly, Ph.D.; Elena Dragomirescu, Ph.D., ASCE Press, pp. 169-191, (PDF format).

  8. Park, Sejun and Yeo, DongHun (2018), "Second-Order Effects on Wind-Induced Structural Behavior of High-Rise Steel Buildings," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 144, No. 2, 04017209, (PDF format).

  9. Duthinh, D., Pintar, A. L., and Simiu, E. (2018). "Influence of Wind Tunnel Test Duration on Wind Load Factors." Journal of Structural Engineering, 144(11), 06018005, (PDF format).

  10. Simiu, Emil, Pintar, Adam, Duthinh, Dat and Yeo, DongHun (2017), "Wind Load Factors for Use in the Wind Tunnel Procedure," ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, 04017007, (PDF format).

  11. Duthinh, Dat, Simiu, Emil, and Pintar, Adam (2017) "Estimating Peaks of Stationary Random Processes: A Peaks-over-Threshold Approach," ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, 04017028, (PDF format).

  12. Simiu, Emil, Heckert, Alan, and Yeo, DongHun (2017), "Planetary Boundary Layer Modelling and Standard Provisions for Supertall Building Design," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 143, No. 8, 06017002, (PDF format).

  13. Emil Simiu, Liang Shi and DongHun Yeo (2016), "Planetary Boundary-Layer Modelling and Tall Building Design," Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 159:173-181, https://www.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-015-0106-9 (PDF format).

  14. Shi, Liang and Yeo, DongHun (2016), "Large Eddy Simulations of Model-Scale Turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 143, No. 9, 06017011, (PDF format).

  15. Simiu, E., Shi, L., and Yeo, D. (2016), "Planetary Boundary-Layer Modelling and Tall Building Design," Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 159, pp. 173-181, (PDF format).

  16. Simiu, E., and Yeo, D. (2015), "Advances in the design of high-rise structures by the wind tunnel procedure: Conceptual framework," Wind and Structures, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 489-503, (PDF format).

  17. Yeo, DongHun and Potra, Florian (2015), "Sustainable Design through CO2 Emission Optimization," Journal of Structural Engineering, 141(3): B4014002, (PDF format).

  18. Yeo, DongHun (2014), "Generation of Large Directional Wind Speed Data Sets for Estimation of Wind Effects with Long Return Periods," Journal of Structural Engineering, 140(10), (PDF format).

  19. Rene Gabbai and Emil Simiu (2013) "Evaluation of Mean Recurrence Intervals of Wind Effects for Tall Building Design," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 140, No. 1, 04013037, (PDF format).

  20. Yeo, D., Lin, N., and Simiu, E., (2013) "Estimation of Hurricane Wind Speed Probabilities: Application to New York City and Other Coastal Locations," Journal of Structural Engineering, 1943-1954. (PDF format)

  21. Yeo, D. and Chowdhury, A.G., (2013) "A Simplified Wind Flow Model for the Estimation of Aerodynamic Effects on Small Structures," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 139 (3), pp. 369-375, 2013. (PDF format).

  22. Yeo, D., (2013) "Multiple Points-In-Time Estimation of Peak Wind Effects on Structures," Journal of Structural Engineering, 139 (3), 462-471. (PDF format)

  23. Emil Simiu, F., Chris Letchford, M., Nicholas Isyumov, F., Arindam Gan Chowdhury, M., and DongHun Yeo, M., (2012), "An Assessment of ASCE 7-10 Standard Methods for Determining Wind Loads," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. xx, pp. xx. (PDF format).

  24. Simiu, E., Lombardo, F.T., and Yeo, D. (2012), Discussion of "Ultimate Wind Load De-sign Gust Wind Speeds in the United States for Use in ASCE-7" (by Peter J. Vickery, Dhiraj Wadhera, Jon Galsworthy, Jon A. Peterka, Peter A. Irwin, and Lawrence A. Griffis), Journal of Structural Engineering, 138 (5). (PDF format).

  25. Isam Janajreh and Emil Simiu (2012) "Large Eddy Simulation of Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Structure and Comparison with Wind Tunnel Results," Applied Mechanics and Materials, Vols. 152-154, 1806-1813. (PDF format).

  26. Yeo, D. (2012) "Practical Estimation of Veering Effects on High-Rise Structures: A Database-Assisted Design Approach," Wind and Structures, 15(5), 1-13. (PDF format).

  27. Fu, T.C., Aly, A.M., Chowdhury, A.G., Bitsuamlak, G., Yeo, D., and Simiu, E. (2012) "A Proposed Technique for Determining Aerodynamic Pressures on Residential Homes," Wind and Structures, 15(1), 27-41. (PDF format).

  28. Yeo, D., and Simiu, E. (2011). "High-rise reinforced concrete structures: Database-Assisted Design for wind." Journal of Structural Engineering, 137 (11), 1340-1349. (PDF format).

  29. Simiu, E., Bitsuamlak, G., Chowdhury, A.G., Li, R., Tecle, A., and Yeo, D. (2011) "Testing of Residential Homes under Wind Loads," Natural Hazards Review-ASCE, 12(4), 166-170. (PDF format).

  30. Coffman, B.F., Main, J.A., Duthinh, D., and Simiu, E. (2010). "Wind effects on low-rise buildings: Database-assisted design vs. ASCE 7-05 Standard estimates." Journal of Structural Engineering, 136(6), 744-748. (PDF format).

  31. Dat Duthinh and Emil Simiu (2010) "Safety of Structures in Strong Winds and Earthquakes: Multihazard Considerations," Journal of Structural Engineering, 330-333. (PDF format).

  32. Rene Gabbai and Emil Simiu (2010) "Aerodynamic Damping in the Along-Wind Response of Tall Buildings," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 136, No. 1, 117-119. (PDF format).

  33. Florian A. Potra1 and Emil Simiu (2009) "Optimization and Multihazard Structural Design," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 1472-1475. (PDF format).

  34. Possolo, Antonio, Kasperski, Michael and Simiu, Emil (2009). "Tunable compression of wind tunnel data." Wind and Structures, Vol. 12, No. 6, 505-517. (PDF format).

  35. Lombardo, F.T., Main, J.A., and Simiu, E. (2009), "Automated extraction and classifica-tion of thunderstorm and non-thunderstorm wind data for extreme-value analysis." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(3-4), 120-131. (PDF format)

  36. Fritz, W. P., Bienkiewicz, B., Cui, B., Flamand, O., Ho, T. C. E., Kikitsu, H., Letchford, C. W., and Simiu, E. (2008). "International comparison of wind tunnel estimates of wind effects on low-rise buildings: test-related uncertainties." Journal of Structural Engineering, 134(12), 1887-1890. (PDF format).

  37. D. Duthinh, J. A. Main, A. P. Wright, and E. Simiu (2008) "Low-Rise Steel Structures under Directional Winds: Mean Recurrence Interval of Failure," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. xx, 1383-1388. (PDF format).

  38. R. D. Gabbai (2008) "Influence of Structural Design on the Aeroelastic Stability of Brancusi’s Endless Column," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, 462-465. (PDF format)

  39. Emil Simiu, Rene D. Gabbai and William P. Fritz (2008) "Wind-induced tall building response: a time-domain approach," Wind and Structures, Vol. 11, No. 6, 427-440. (PDF format)

  40. Emil Simiu, Peter Vickery and Ahsan Kareem (2007) "Relation between Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale Wind Speeds and Peak 3-s Gust Speeds over Open Terrain," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 7, 1043-1045. (PDF format).

  41. Dat Duthinh and William Fritz (2007) "Safety Evaluation of Low-Rise Steel Structures under Wind Loads by Nonlinear Database-Assisted Technique," Journal of Structural Engineering, 587-594. (PDF format).

  42. Simiu, E., Wilcox,R.,Sadek,F.,Filiben,J.J.,2005. "Closure to 'Wind speeds in ASCE7 standard peak gust map: assessment' by Emil Simiu, Roseanne Wilcox, Fahim Sadek, and James J. Filliben." J. Struct. Eng. 131(6),997–998.

  43. Pinelli, J.-P., Simiu, E., Gurley, K., Subramanian, C., Zhang, L., Cope, A., Filliben, J. J., and Hamid, S. (2004). "Hurricane Damage Prediction Model for Residential Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering, 130(11), 1685-1691.

  44. E. Simiu, R. Wilcox, F. Sadek, J. Filliben (2003), "Wind Speeds in ASCE 7 Standard Peak-Gust Map: Assessment," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 427-439, (PDF format).

  45. Simiu, E., Sadek, F., Whalen, T. M., Jang, S., Lu, L.-W., Diniz, S., Grazini, A., and Riley, M. A., (2003), "Achieving Safer and More Economical Buildings through Database-Assisted, Reliability-Based Design for Wind," Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 91(12-15), pp. 1587-1611. (PDF format).

  46. Coles, S. and Simiu, E. (2003). "Estimating Uncertainty in the Extreme Value Analysis of Data Generated by a Hurricane Simulation Model." Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 129(11), 1288-1294.

  47. Jang, S., Lu, L.-W., Sadek, F., and Simiu, E., (2002), "Database-Assisted Wind Load Capacity Estimates for Low-Rise Steel Frames," Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 128(12), pp. 1594-1603. (PDF format).

  48. Sadek, F., and Simiu, E., (2002), "Peak Non-Gaussian Wind Effects for Database-Assisted Low-Rise Building Design," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, ASCE, Vol. 128(5), pp. 530-539. (PDF format)

  49. Simiu, E. (2002). "Meteorological Extremes," Encyclopedia of Environmetrics Volume 3, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Chichester, UK, El-Shaarawi, A. H.; Piegorsch, W. W., Editor(s)(s), pp. 1255-1259. (PDF format)

  50. Whalen, T. M., Sadek, F., and Simiu, E., (2002), "Database-Assisted Design for Wind: Basic Concepts and Software Development," Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 90(11), pp. 1349-1368. (PDF format).

  51. F. Minciarelli, M. Gioffre, M. Grigoriu, and E. Simiu (2001). "Estimates of Extreme Wind Effects and Wind Load Factors: Influence of Knowledge Uncertainties," Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 16, No. 4, 331-340. (PDF format)

  52. E. Simiu, N. A. Heckert, , J. J. Filliben, and S. K. Johnson, (2001). "Extreme Wind Load Estimates Based on the Gumbel Distribution of Dynamic Pressure: An Assessment," Structural Safety, 23, pp. 221-229. (PDF format).

  53. Rigato, A., Chang, P., and Simiu, E. (2001). "Database-Assisted Design, Standardization, and Wind Direction Effects." Journal of Structural Engineering, 127(8), 855-860.

  54. E. Simiu and J.J. Filliben (September 1999). "Design Gust Wind Speeds in the United States: Discussion," Journal of Structural Engineering, pp. 1077-1080. (PDF format)

  55. Alan Heckert, Emil Simiu, and Tim Whalen (1998). "Estimates of Hurricane Wind Speeds by the 'Peaks Over Threshold' Approach," Journal of Structural Engineering. (PDF format)

  56. Emil Simiu and Alan Heckert (1998). "Ultimate Wind Loads and Direction Effects in Non-Hurricane and Hurricane-Prone Regions," Environmetrics, Volume 9, pp. 433-444. (PDF format)

  57. E. Simiu and N. A. Heckert (1998). "Wind Direction and Hurricane-Induced Ultimate Wind Loads," Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Dynamics, 74-76, pp. 1037-1046. (PDF format)

  58. T. M. Whalen and E. Simiu (1998). "Assessment of Wind Load Factors for Hurricane-Prone Regions," Structural Safety, Vol. 20, 271-281, 1998. (PDF format)

  59. E. Simiu (November 1997). "Prediction of Hurricane Wind Speeds in the United States," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 121, No. 11, pp. 1549-1550. (PDF format)

  60. E. Simiu and N. A. Heckert (1996). "Extreme Wind Distribution Tails: A 'Peaks Over Threshold' Approach," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 122, No. 5, 1996. (PDF format)

  61. J. A. Lechner, E. Simiu, N. A. Heckert (1993). "Assessment of 'peak over threshold' Methods for Estimating Extreme Value Distribution Tails," Structural Safety, 12, pp. 305-314.

  62. J. Lechner, S. Leigh, and E. Simiu (1992). "Recent Approaches to Extreme Value Estimation with Application to Extreme Wind Speeds. Part I: The Pickands Method," Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Dynamics, 41-44, pp. 509-519.

  63. Simiu, E. and Lechner, J. A. (1987). "Experimental Glass Failure Data and Equivalent One-Minute Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering, 113(12), 2503-2508.

  64. Simiu, E. and Hendrickson, E. M. (1987). "Design Criteria for Glass Cladding Subjected to Wind Loads." Journal of Structural Engineering, 113(3), 501-518.

  65. E. Simiu, S. Leigh, and W. A. Nolan (1986). "Environmental Load Direction and Reliability Bounds," Journal of Structural Engineering, 112(5), pp. 1199-1203.

  66. E. Simiu and S. Leigh (1984). "Turbulent Wind and Tension Leg Platform Surge," Journal of Structural Engineering, 110(4), pp. 785-802.

  67. Simiu, E. and Cordes, M. (1983). "Tornado‐Borne Missile Speed Probabilities." Journal of Structural Engineering, 109(1), 154-168.

  68. E. Simiu and J. J. Filliben (1981). "Wind Direction Effects on Cladding and Structural Loads," Engineering Structures, Vol. 3, pp. 181-186.

  69. Batts, M. E., Russell, L. R., and Simiu, E. (1980). "Hurricane wind speeds in the United States." Journal of the Structural Division, 106(10), 2001-2016.

  70. E. Simiu, J. Bietry, and J. J. Filliben (1978). "Sampling Errors in the Estimation of Extreme Winds," J. Struct. Div., ASCE, 104, pp. 491-501.
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NIST Technical Reports The following is the list of NIST technical reports.
  1. Park, Sejun and Yeo, DongHun (2018), "Introductory Tutorial for DAD: Design Examples of High-Rise Building for Wind," NIST Technical Note 2001, PDF format).

  2. Park, Sejun and Yeo, DongHun (2018), "Database-Assisted Design and Equivalent Static Wind Loads for Mid- and High-Rise Structures: Concepts, Software, and User's Manual," NIST Technical Note 2000, PDF format).

  3. Kovarek, Amatucci, Gillis, Potra, Ratino, Levitan, and Yeo (2018), "Calibration of Dynamic Pressure in a Tubing System and Optimized Design of Tube Configuration: A Numerical and Experimental Study," NIST Technical Note 1994, PDF format).

  4. Shi, Liang and Yeo, DongHun (2016), "OpenFOAM Large-Eddy Simulations of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulence for Wind Engineering Applications," NIST Technical Note 1944, PDF format).

  5. Park, Sejun and Yeo, DongHun (2016), "Database-Assisted Design and second-order effects on the wind-induced structural behavior of high-rise steel buildings," NIST Technical Note 1940, PDF format).

  6. Duthinh, Dat, Main, Joseph, and Phillips, Brian (2015), "Methodology to Analyze Wind Pressure Data on Components and Cladding of Low-Rise Buildings," NIST Technical Note 1903, PDF format).

  7. Habte, Filmon, Chowdhury, Arindam Gan, and Park, Sejun (2016) "The Use of Demand-to-Capacity Indexes for the Iterative Design of Rigid Structures for Wind," NIST Technical Note 1908 (http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.1908, PDF format), (Word format)

  8. Pintar, Simiu, Lombardo and Levitan (2015) "Maps of Non-Hurricane Non-tornadic Wind Speeds With Specified Mean Recurrence Intervals for the Contiguous United States Using a Two-Dimensional Poisson Process Extreme Value Model and Local Regression," NIST Special Publication 500-301, (PDF format)

  9. Yeo, D., Lin, N., and Simiu, E., (2012) "Estimation of Hurricane Wind Speed Probabilities: Application to New York City and Other Coastal Locations," NIST Technical Note 1773 (PDF format)

  10. Yeo, D. (2012) "Generation of Large Directional Wind Speed Datasets from Smaller Synoptic Storm or Thunderstorm Data Samples," NIST Technical Note 1756. (PDF format)

  11. Emil Simiu, Chris Letchford, Nicholas Isyumov, Arindam Gan Chowdhury,DongHun Yeo, D. (2012). "An Assessment of Methods for Determining Wind Loads." NIST Technical Note 1738. (PDF format)

  12. Yeo, D. (2011) "Database-Assisted Design for Wind: Multiple Points-in-Time Approach," NIST Technical Note 1711. (PDF format)

  13. Emil Simiu, Chris Letchford, Nicholas Isyumov, Arindam Gan
  14. Yeo, D. (2010). "Numerical simulation of along-wind loading on small structures using a simplified wind flow model." NIST Technical Note 1683. (PDF format)

  15. Yeo, D., and Simiu, E. (2010). "Effects of veering wind and structure orientation on a high-rise structure." NIST Technical Note 1672. (PDF format)

  16. Yeo, D. (2010). "Database-Assisted Design of high-rise reinforced concrete structures for wind: Concepts, software, and application." NIST Technical Note 1665. (PDF format)

  17. E. Simiu (2009). "Toward A Standard on the Wind Tunnel Method," NIST Technical Note 1655. (PDF format)

  18. Seymour M. J. Spence (2009). "High-Rise Database-Assisted Design 1.1 (HR_DAD_1.1): Concepts, Software, and Examples," NIST Building Science Series 181. (PDF format)

  19. M. Grigoriu (2009). "Algorithms for Generating Large Sets of Synthetic Directional Wind Speed Data for Hurricane, Thunderstorm, and Synoptic Winds," NIST Technical Note 1626. (PDF format)

  20. M. Grigoriu (2006). "A Model for Directional Hurricane Wind Speeds," NIST Government Contractor Report 06-905. (PDF format)

  21. M. Grigoriu (2006). "Probabilistic Models for Directionless Wind Speeds in Hurricanes," NIST Government Contractor Report 06-906. (PDF format)

  22. J. A. Main and W. A. Fritz (2006). "Database-Assisted Design for Wind: Concepts, Software, and Examples for Rigid and Flexible Buildings," NIST Building Science Series 180. (PDF format)

  23. J. J. Filliben, E. Simiu, R. Wilcox, and F. H. Sadek (2001). "Wind Speeds in the ASCE 7 Standard Peak-Gust Map: An Assessment," NIST Building Science Series 178. (Text, PDF format), (Appendix Part 1, PDF format), (Appendix Part 2, PDF format), (Appendix Part 3, PDF format),

  24. R. D. Marshall (January 1998). "Hurricane Fran in North Carolina, September 5-6, 1996," NIST GCR 98-734, 56. (PDF format)

  25. R. D. Marshall and J. L. Schroeder (March 1997). "Hurricane Marilyn in the Caribbean: Measured Wind Speeds and Design Wind Speeds Compared," NISTIR 5987, 52 p. (PDF format)

  26. E. Simiu, N. A. Heckert, T. Whalen (April, 1996). "Estimates of Hurricane Wind Speeds by the 'Peaks Over Threshold' Method," NIST Technical Note 1416. (PDF format)

  27. T. M. Whalen (April 1996). "Probabilistic Estimates of Design Load Factors for Wind-Sensitive Structures Using the 'Peaks Over Threshold' Approach," NIST TN 1418 30 p. (PDF format)

  28. J. L. Gross, E. Simiu, N. A. Heckert, J. A. Lechner (April 1995). "Extreme Wind Estimates by the Conditional Mean Exceedance Procedure," NISTIR 5531. (PDF format)

  29. E. Simiu and N. A. Heckert (March 1995). "Extreme Wind Distribution Tails: A 'Peak Over Threshold' Approach," NIST Building Science Series 174. (PDF format)

  30. M. J. Changery, E. J. Dumitru-Valcea, E. Simiu (1984). "Directional Extreme Wind Speed Data for the Design of Buildings and Other Structures," NBS Building Science Series 160.

  31. E. Simiu and S. Leigh (1983). "Turbulent Wind and Tension Leg Platform Surge," NBS Building Science Series 151.

  32. E. Simiu, J. J. Filliben, and J. R. Shaver (1982). "Short-Term Records and Extreme Wind Speeds," Journal of the Structural Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, Vol. 108, No. ST11, pp. 2571-2577.

  33. Martin Batts, Martin Cordes, Larry Russell, James Shaver and Emil Simiu (1980), "Hurricane Wind Speeds in the United States," NBS Building Science Series 124, (PDF format).

  34. Emil Simiu and Martin Cordes (1980) "Probabilistic Assessment of Tornado-Borne Missle Speeds," NBSIR 80-2117, (PDF format).

  35. E. Simiu, J. Changery, and J. J. Filliben (1979). "Extreme Wind Speeds at 129 Stations in the Contiguous United States," NBS Building Science Series 118.

  36. E. Simiu and J. J. Filliben (1975). "Statistical Analysis of Extreme Winds," NBS Technical Note 868.

  37. Julius Lieblein (1973) "Efficient Methods of Extreme-Value Methodology," NBSIR 74-602, (PDF format).

  38. Hugh Dryden and George Hill (1933) "Wind Pressure on a Model of the Empire State Building," RP545, (PDF format).

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Talks and Conference Proceeedings The following is a list of Conference talks.
  1. J. J. Filliben, K. Gurley, J. P. Pinelli, E. Simiu, and C. Subramanian, (2002). "Fragility Curves, Damage Matrices, and Wind Induced Loss Estimation," Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computer Simulation in Risk Analysis and Hazard Mitigation: Risk Analysis III, June 19-21, 2002, Sintra, Portugal, pp. 119-126. (PDF format)

  2. E. Simiu, J. J. Filliben, and N. A. Heckert (1999). "Comparison of Wind Loading Estimates Based on Extreme Speeds and on Squares of Extreme Speeds," Proceedings, 13th ASCE Eng. Mechs. Div. Conference, Baltimore, MD June, 1999.

  3. E. Simiu, N. A. Heckert, and T. M. Whalen (1998). "Mean Recurrence Intervals of Ultimate Wind Loads," 17th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Artic Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal 7/6-9/1998. (PDF format)

  4. Emil Simiu, Alan Heckert, and J. J. Filliben (1998). "Comparison of Wind Loading Estimates Based on Extreme Speeds and an Squares of Extreme Speeds," Eighth US National Wind Engineering Conference, Baltimore, MD August, 1998.

  5. Emil Simiu and Alan Heckert (1997). "Wind Direction And Hurricane-Induced Ultimate Wind Loads," Proceedings of the 2ND European & African Conference on Wind Engineering, Giovannia Solari ed., Genova, Italy, June, 1997.

  6. E. Simiu (1995). "Estimation of Extreme Wind Speeds," Indian Society for Wind Engineering. Sponsored by University of Roorkee, New Delhi. International Association for Wind Engineering. State of the Art in Wind Engineering. Volume 1. Proceedings. International Conference on Wind Engineering, 9th. Davenport Sixtieth Birth Anniversary Volume. January 9-13, 1995, New Delhi, India, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, India, pp. 109-123. (PDF format)

  7. John L. Gross, Alan Heckert, Jim Lechner, and Emil Simiu (1994). "A Study of Optimal Extreme Wind Estimation Procedures," in Wind Engineering, Proceedings, Ninth International Conference on Wind Engineering, pp. 69-80, Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.

  8. J. L. Gross, N. A. Heckert, J. A. Lechner, and E. Simiu (1994). "Extreme Winds Estimation by 'Peaks Over Threshold' and Epochal Methods," Structures Congress XII, Volume 2, April 24-28, 1994, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, Baker, N. C.; Goodno, B. J., Editor(s), pp. 1472-1477.

  9. J. L. Gross, N. A. Heckert, J. A. Lechner, and E. Simiu (1994). "Novel Extreme Value Estimation Procedures: Applications to Extreme Wind Data," in Extreme Value Theory and Applications, Vol. 1, J. Galambos, J. Lechner, and E. Simiu (eds.), Kulwer, Dordrecht, 1994, pp. 139-158. (PDF format)

  10. R. D. Marshall (1994). "Gust Speeds in Hurricanes," American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCI). Structures Congress XII. Volume 2, April 24-28, 1994, Atlanta, GA, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY, Baker, N. C.; Goodno, B. J., Editor(s)(s), pp. 1457-1462. (PDF format)

  11. J. A. Lechner, E. Simiu, and N. A. Heckert (1993). "Assessment of Recent Methods for Estimating Extreme Distribution Tails," Proceedings International Conference on Structural Safety and Reliability (ICOSSAR '93).

  12. E. Simiu, E. M. Hendrickson, W. A. Nolan, I. Olkin, C. H. Spiegelman, (August 1984). "Multivariate Distributions of Directional Wind Speeds," 5th ASCE-EMD Specialty Conference, Laramie, Wyoming.

  13. E. Simiu and J. J. Filliben (1980). "Weibull Distributions and Extreme Wind Speeds," Proceedings of a Conference sponsored by the Center for Advanced Engineering Study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Volume I, (MTR-80W322-01, Leon S. Pocinki and Ricard S. Geeley, eds., 1980, pp. 2-86 to 2-100.

  14. E. Simiu, J. R. Shaver, and J. J. Filliben (1980). "Extreme Wind Speeds and Structural Failure Risks, Climate and Risk," Proceedings of a Conference sponsored by the Center for Advanced Engineering Study at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Volume I, (MTR-80W322-01, edited by Leon S. Pocinki and Ricard S. Greely), 1980, pp. 2-86 to 2-100.

  15. Emil Simiu and J. J. Filliben (1975). "Probabilistic Models of Extreme Wind Speeds: Uncertainties and Limitations," Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures, (Edited by Keith J. Eaton), Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 53-62.
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Book Reviews The following is a list of book reviews authored by NIST staff.
  1. Simiu, E. (2008), Meccanica, review of Einar Strømmen (2005) "Theory of bridge aerodynamics," Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. (PDF format).

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Non-NIST References The following is a list of non-NIST references of interest for the analysis of extreme winds.
  1. Enrique Castillo, Ali S. Hadi, N. Balakrishnan, and Jose M. Sarabia (2005). "Extreme Value and Related Models with Applications in Engineering and Science," Wiley.

  2. J. D. Holmes (2001). "Wind Loading of Structures," Spon Press, London - NY.

  3. Samuel Kotz and Saralees Nadarajah (2000). "Extreme Value Distributions," Imperial College Press.

  4. R. D. Reiss, M. Thomas (1997). "Statistical Analysis of Extreme Values," Basel, Birkhaeuser.

  5. Enrique Castillo (1988). "Extreme Value Theory in Engineering," Academic Press.

  6. M. D. Pandey, P. H. A. J. M. Van Gelder and J. K. Vrijling (2001). "The Estimation of Extreme Quantiles of Wind Velocity Using L-Moments in the Peaks Over Threshold Approach," Structural Safety, 23, pp. 179-192.

  7. D. Walshaw and C.W. Anderson, (2000). "A Model for Extreme Wind Gusts," Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 49, No.4, pp. 499-508.

  8. A. Naess (1998). "Estimation of Long Return Period Design Values for Wind Speeds," Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol. 124, No. 3, pp. 252-259.

  9. J. A. Peterka and S. Shahid (1998). "Design Gust Wind Speeds in the United States," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 2, pp. 207-214.

  10. M. D. G. Dukes and J.P. Palutikof (1995). "Estimation of Extreme Wind Speeds With Very Long Return Periods," Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 34, No. 9, pp. 1950-1961.

  11. S. G. Coles and D. Walshaw (1994). "Directional Modeling of Extreme Wind Speeds," Journal of Applied Statistics, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 139-158.

  12. M.R. Leadbetter (1991). "On a basis for 'Peaks over Threshold' modeling," Statistics & Probability Letters, 12, pp. 357-362.

  13. A. C. Davison and R. L. Smith (1990). "Models for Exceedances over High Thresholds," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 52, No. 3, pp. 393-442.

  14. Y. Kwei Wen, "Wind Direction and Structural Reliability," Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 109, No. 4, April, 1983, pp. 1028-1041.

  15. M. J. Changery (May 1982). "Historical Extreme Winds for the United States: Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Coastlines," NOAA Pub., 152 pp.

  16. M. J. Changery (August 1982). "Historical Extreme Winds for the United States: Great Lakes and Adjacent Regions," NOAA Pub., 152 pp.

  17. A.W. Marshall and I. Olkin. "Domains of Attraction of Multivariate Extreme Value Distributions," The Annals of Probability, Vol. 11, No.1, pp. 168-177.
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